贵州省猕猴桃果实病害鉴定及病原菌生物学特性研究  

Identification of kiwifruit diseases and study of biological characteristics of their pathogens in Guizhou Province

作　　者：苏文文 罗英 李苇洁 任春光 韩振诚 SU Wenwen;LUO Ying;LI Weijie;REN Chunguang;HAN Zhencheng(Guizhou Institute of Mountain Resources,Guiyang,Guizhou,550001,China;Guizhou Medical University,Guiyang,Guizhou,550025,China;Guizhou Botanical Garden,Guiyang,Guizhou,550001,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省山地资源研究所,贵阳550001 [2]贵州医科大学,贵阳550025 [3]贵州省植物园,贵阳550001

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2025年第1期164-172,共9页South China Fruits

基　　金：纳雍猕猴桃新品种(系)引种试验示范(2021YFD1100300课题10后补助项目);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2024]一般148);国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1601710-3);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2021]一般234)资助。

摘　　要：为明确贵州猕猴桃果实病害种类、病原菌及生物学特性,采集水城区和修文县猕猴桃果实,观察果实病害特征,通过组织分离、纯化,形态学观察,致病性检测,分子检测和系统发育分析确定病原菌种类,并在不同碳源、氮源、温度和pH值条件下培养病原菌,明确病原菌生物学特性。结果表明:猕猴桃果实病害主要为软腐病和黑斑病,分别从发病果实上分离出软腐病和黑斑病菌株20株和31株,经鉴定,猕猴桃软腐病主要病原菌为葡萄座腔菌(Botryosphaeria dothidea)和间座壳菌(Diaporthe acaciigena);猕猴桃黑斑病主要病原菌为交链格孢菌(Alternaria arborescens)和间座壳菌(D.acaciigena)。间座壳菌和葡萄座腔菌的最适生长温度为25℃,间座壳菌的最适生长pH值为3.0~5.0,葡萄座腔菌的最适生长pH值为4.0~10.0;交链格孢菌的最适生长温度为20℃,最适生长pH值为5.0~7.0。In order to identify the disease types,pathogens and biological characteristics of pathogens in kiwifruit fruit in Guizhou Province,kiwifruits from Shuicheng District and Xiuwen County were collected to observe the characteristics of fruit diseases.The species of pathogens were determined through tissue isolation,purification,morphological observation,pathogenicity detection,molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis.The pathogens were cultured under different carbon sources,nitrogen sources,temperature and pH value conditions to clarify their biological characteristics.The results showed that the main diseases of kiwifruit were soft rot and black spot diseases.20 and 31 strains of soft rot and black spot were isolated from the infected fruits,respectively.The main pathogens of kiwifruit soft rot were identified as Botryosphaeria rhodina and Diaporthe acaciigena.Alternaria arborescens and D.acaciigena were the main pathogens of kiwifruit black spot.The optimum growth temperature of Diaporthe sp.and B.dothidea was 25℃.The optimum pH value of D.acaciigena and B.dothidea was 3.0-5.0,4.0-10.0,respectively.The optimum growth temperature and pH value of A.arborescens was 20℃and 5.0-7.0,respectively.

关 键 词：猕猴桃 软腐病 黑斑病 病原鉴定 生物学特性 

分 类 号：S436.634.1[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]