基于材料非完全凝固状态3D打印阶梯效应修补策略研究  

A study of 3D printing step effect repair strategies based on the incompletely solidified state of materials

作　　者：孙梓轩 王叶松 李飞龙 陈银娟 张春燕[1] SUN Zixuan;WANG Yesong;LI Feilong;CHEN Yinjuan;ZHANG Chunyan(School of Mechanical Engineering,Jiangsu University of Science and Technology,Zhenjiang 212000,China;School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏科技大学机械工程学院,江苏镇江212000 [2]同济大学航空航天与力学学院,上海200092

出　　处：《兵器装备工程学报》2025年第2期294-302,共9页Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering

摘　　要：在熔融沉积(FDM)3D打印过程中,受到2.5D逐层制造工艺的限制,打印斜面/曲面时常常会出现阶梯效应。其中,倾斜切片无支撑打印中支撑斜面构建过程中,也会出现阶梯效应,导致层间附着强度下降,从而对打印件的力学性能产生不良影响。针对这一问题,本文提出了一种策略,通过研究直线型和弧线型轮廓对阶梯结构的影响规律,充分修补阶梯效应。该策略基于打印材料在流动性和非完全凝固状态下的特性,对阶梯效应的间隙进行修补。此外,还深入探讨了打印层高、打印速度、挤出速度、打印温度等参数对材料流动性的影响,以有效填补阶梯结构中的打印材料缺失。以聚乳酸(PLA)打印为例,通过相同情况的对比实验证明了所提策略的有效性。结果表明,在打印温度210℃,环境温度40℃,打印层高0.1 mm,打印速度60 mm/s的工艺条件下,阶梯效应最高修补率达到98%,且表面质量更佳。In the process of Fused Deposition(FDM)3D printing,the step effect often occurs when printing bevel surfaces due to the limitations of the 2.5D layer-by-layer manufacturing process.Among them,the step effect also occurs during the construction of supported oblique surfaces in tilted-slice unsupported printing,leading to a decrease in the interlayer adhesion strength,which adversely affects the mechanical properties of the printed parts.To address this problem,this paper proposes a strategy to adequately repair the step effect,study the influence law of linear contour and arc contour on the step structure,repair the gap of the step effect based on the fluidity of the print material and the state of non-complete solidification,and further explore the influence of the parameters of the print layer height,the print speed,the extrusion speed,the print temperature and other parameters on the fluidity of the material,which can effectively fill in the step structure on the of the missing print material.Taking PLA printing as an example,the effectiveness of the proposed strategy is proved through comparative experiments in the same situation.The experimental results show that under the process conditions of printing temperature of 210°,ambient temperature of 40°,printing layer height of 0.1 mm,and printing speed of 60 mm/s,the maximum repair rate of the step effect reaches 98%,and the surface quality is better.

关 键 词：FDM 打印参数 3D打印 阶梯效应 非完全凝固状态 

分 类 号：TH163[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]