新疆巴州杏树梅下毛瘿螨危害与生物学特性观察  

Observation on the damage and biological characteristics of Acalitus phloeocoptes(Nalepa) on apricot trees in Bazhou,Xinjiang

作　　者：盛强 叶远荣 季娟 马洁云 黄伟 Sheng Qiang;Ye Yuanrong;Ji Juan;Ma Jieyun;Huang Wei(Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang,Korla 841000)

机构地区：[1]新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州农业科学研究院,库尔勒841000

出　　处：《中国果树》2025年第1期96-102,共7页China Fruits

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区天山英才培养项目(2023TSYCJC0026);新疆维吾尔自治区青年自然科学基金项目(2021D01B26)。

摘　　要：为了掌握梅下毛瘿螨发生范围和生物学特性,了解其田间种群消长动态与环境因素的关系,为科学防治提供依据。采用田间普查的方法,通过定点定期调查,分析梅下毛瘿螨田间种群发生动态及环境因素对其的影响。结果表明,梅下毛瘿螨在巴州杏树上普遍发生,瘿瘤株率8.87%~100.00%,螨情指数1.60~100.00。梅下毛瘿螨越冬螨活动最早可见于2月下旬,产卵最早可见于4月中旬,4月下旬可见若螨,最早成螨于5月上旬出现。梅下毛瘿螨完成1个世代发育所需积温在342.0~402.2℃·d,历期13~15 d。该螨在3—10月均有危害,1年发生10~12代,1年有2次虫口高峰,分别在5—6月和9—10月,其中4—6月危害较严重。梅下毛瘿螨最适生长温度在15~25℃,最适空气相对湿度在21.3%~35.5%。In order to grasp the occurrence range and biological characteristics of the Acalitus phloeocoptes,analyse the relationship between field population dynamics and environmental factors,and provide a basis for scientific control of pest mites.The field survey method was used to grasp the area of occurrence and the degree of infestation of Acalitus phloeocoptes in Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture.Through regular surveys and mathematical statistics,we analysed the population dynamics of the mite in the field and the influence of environmental factors on the mite.The results showed that the gall mite was widespread in apricot trees in Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture,with the gall midge rate ranging from 8.87% to 100.00%,and the mite index ranging from 1.60 to 100.00.Overwintering mite activity of the lower hairy gall midge can be seen as early as late February,the first generation of eggs can be seen as early as mid-April,and the mites can be seen in late April,with the earliest adult mites appeared at the beginning of May.The temperature required for the mite to complete the development of one generation is between 342.0~402.2 ℃·d,and the period is 13~15 days.The mite in March to October are harmful,10~12 generations a year,a year there are two peaks in the population,from May to June and from September to October,respectively,of which the damage is more serious in April,May and June.The optimal growth temperature of Acalitus phloeocoptes is 15~25 ℃,air relative humidity is 21.3%~35.5%.

关 键 词：梅下毛瘿螨 种群动态 环境因素 生物学特性 

分 类 号：S436.621.29[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]