基于TRIZ理论的搅拌摩擦焊工艺装备优化方案  

Optimization of Friction Stir Welding Process Equipment Based on TRIZ Theory

作　　者：黄林 王世君 耿明 范明保 魏宏迪 HUANG Lin;WANG Shijun;GENG Ming;FAN Mingbao;WEI Hongdi(Engineering Technology Center,CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co.,Ltd.,130062,Changchun,China)

机构地区：[1]中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司工程技术中心,长春130062

出　　处：《城市轨道交通研究》2025年第2期48-51,56,共5页Urban Mass Transit

摘　　要：[目的]搅拌摩擦焊是新一代焊接技术的重要工艺。为解决搅拌摩擦焊存在的焊接质量缺陷问题,应对搅拌摩擦焊工艺进行深入研究,并探讨其工艺装备的优化方案。[方法]对搅拌摩擦焊的工作机理进行研究,得到搅拌摩擦焊4类常见的质量缺陷类型。基于TRIZ(萃智)理论,对焊接过程中可能产生的质量缺陷进行了问题分析,得到搅拌摩擦焊质量缺陷的3对技术矛盾。查询TRIZ理论的矛盾矩阵,根据矛盾矩阵提示的发明创新原理,对搅拌摩擦焊现有的焊接工艺及焊接工器具进行了优化,提出了搅拌头轴肩结构优化、搅拌头结构优化、金属保温圈罩优化3个优化方案。利用层次分析法,对这3个优化方案进行了比选,得到最佳优化方案。[结果及结论]最佳优化方案为搅拌头轴肩结构优化方案。该方案能有效克服搅拌摩擦焊的焊接质量缺陷,提高焊接质量,且能提高焊接加工效率。[Objective]Friction stir welding is a key welding technology for next-generation.To address welding quality defects associated with friction stir welding,it is necessary to conduct an in-depth study of its welding process and explore its equipment optimization strategies.[Method]The working mechanism of friction stir welding is analyzed,identifying four common types of its quality defects.Based on TRIZ theory,potential quality defects in the welding process are examined,leading to the identification of three pairs of technical contradictions.By querying the contradiction matrix in TRIZ theory,inventive principles are derived to optimize existing welding processes and equipment.Based on this,improvement of the stir pin shoulder structure,optimization of the stir pin design,and enhancement of the metal insulation ring cover three optimization strategies are proposed.These optimization strategies are evaluated using the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)to determine the best solution.[Result&Conclusion]Improvement of the stir pin shoulder structure is the optimal solution,it effectively addresses the welding quality defects of friction stir welding,improves welding quality,and enhances processing efficiency.

关 键 词：轨道交通车辆 车体焊接 搅拌摩擦焊 工艺装备优化 萃智理论 层次分析法 

分 类 号：U270.6[机械工程—车辆工程]