直流供电空调机组在城市轨道交通车辆上的应用  

Application of DC Power Supply Air-conditioning Units in Urban Rail Transit Vehicles

作　　者：康伟 赵钧 齐心 于广禄 陈园 KANG Wei;ZHAO Jun;QI Xin;YU Guanglu;CHEN Yuan(National Engineering Research Center of Railway Vehicles,CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co.,Ltd.,130062,Changchun,China;Shijiazhuang KING Transportation Equipment Co.,Ltd.,050035,Shijiazhuang,China)

机构地区：[1]中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司国家轨道客车工程研究中心,长春130062 [2]石家庄国祥运输设备有限公司,石家庄050035

出　　处：《城市轨道交通研究》2025年第2期153-156,共4页Urban Mass Transit

摘　　要：[目的]目前城市轨道交通车辆的空调机组普遍采用AC 380 V电源供电模式,该模式下供电至用电终端需要经历2次电源变换,此过程不可避免地导致部分电能的损耗。鉴于此,应研究直流供电空调机组在城市轨道交通车辆中应用的可行性。[方法]介绍了常规AC 380 V电源供电的运行方式,对AC 380 V供电、DC 600 V供电2种模式下的空调机组电路拓扑进行了对比,同时对这2种供电模式下空调机组的内部配置进行了对比。以我国某城市轨道交通线路车辆空调机组为案例进行节能测试,分别测试了该车型下2种供电模式压缩机在不同频率下的空调机组能耗指标,并对传统异步电机风机和EC(电子换向)风机的能耗进行了对比分析。[结果及结论]与AC 380 V供电空调机组相比,DC 600 V供电空调机组取消了车辆上的2次电源转换过程,其节能效果更为显著,且DC 600 V供电空调机组压缩机在低频运转时的节能效果更为明显。与传统异步电机风机相比,EC风机更为节能。[Objective]Currently,air-conditioning units in urban rail transit vehicles predominantly use an AC(alternating current)380 V power supply mode,which requires two power conversions before reaching the end-use equipment,inevitably leading to some energy loss.Therefore,it is necessary to study the feasibility of applying DC(direct current)-powered air-conditioning units in urban rail transit vehicles.[Method]The operation mode of conventional AC 380V power supply is introduced,and a comparison is made between the circuit topologies of air-conditioning units under AC 380 V and DC 600 V power supply modes.The internal configurations of air-conditioning units in these two power supply modes are also compared.An energy-saving test is conducted using air-conditioning units of a rail transit vehicle in a Chinese city as example.Energy consumption indicators of the air-conditioning unit compressors under different frequencies for both power supply modes are tested,and a comparative analysis is performed on the energy consumption of conventional asynchronous motor fans and EC(electronically commutated)fans.[Result&Conclusion]Compared to AC 380 V-powered air-conditioning units,DC 600 V-powered units eliminate the two power conversion processes on the vehicle,achieving more significant energy saving effects.Additionally,DC 600 V-powered air-conditioning unit compressors demonstrate more pronounced energy-saving effects during low-frequency operation.Compared to conventional asynchronous motor fans,EC fans are more energy-efficient.

关 键 词：城市轨道交通车辆 空调机组 直流供电 节能性能测试 

分 类 号：U270.383[机械工程—车辆工程]