基于帧时隙ALOHA的物联网RFID广播信道防碰撞算法研究  

Research on Anti-Collision Algorithm for RFID Broadcast Channels in Internet of Things Based on Frame Time Slot ALOHA

作　　者：曾凤生[1] 李影[1] ZENG Fengsheng;LI Ying(College of Engineering and Technology,Yang-En University,Quanzhou 362014,China)

机构地区：[1]仰恩大学工程技术学院,福建泉州362014

出　　处：《吉林大学学报(信息科学版)》2025年第1期8-13,共6页Journal of Jilin University(Information Science Edition)

基　　金：福建省科技厅引导性基金资助项目(2021H0029)。

摘　　要：针对射频识别(RFID:Radio Frequency Identification)系统的信道资源有限,当多个标签竞争同一个频率或时间槽时,会导致发生碰撞和冲突的问题,为优化广播信道的通信效率,对基于帧时隙ALOHA的物联网RFID广播信道防碰撞算法进行了研究。该方法引入帧时隙概念,对通信时间进行时间段划分;通过时隙内空闲、成功识别以及碰撞3种状态的发生概率分析,得到广播信道内的碰撞原因。结合贝叶斯算法与泊松分布规则,通过标签数目概率分布计算,实现读写器作用范围内标签数量的估计,并根据标签数量计算结果调整下一帧帧长。若调整后的帧时隙范围内仍存在标签碰撞问题,则通过FastICA(Indcpendent Component Analysis)独立主成分分析法,将帧时隙内的标签识别问题,转化为EPC(Electronic Product Code)编码生成问题,进而实现统一时隙内多标签的并行识别,避免发生碰撞。实验表明,所提方的标签数量的估算准确,能在保证通信信道稳定性的前提下,提高时隙内标签识别率,有效提高广播信道的传播效率。The channel resources of RFID(Radio Frequency Identification) systems are limited,and when multiple tags compete for the same frequency or time slot,it can lead to collisions and conflicts.In order to optimize the communication efficiency of broadcast channels,a collision prevention algorithm for RFID broadcast channels in the Internet of Things based on frame time slot ALOHA is proposed.This method introduces the concept of frame time slots and divides the communication time into time slots;By analyzing the probability of occurrence of idle,successful identification,and collision states within the time slot,the cause of collision in the broadcast channel is obtained.By combining Bayesian algorithm and Poisson distribution rules,the probability distribution of the number of tags is calculated to estimate the number of tags within the range of the reader and writer,and the next frame length is adjusted based on the calculation result of the number of tags.If there is still label collision problem within the adjusted frame time slot range,FastICA(Indcpendent Component Analysis) independent principal component analysis is used to transform the label recognition problem within the frame time slot into an EPC(Electronic Product Code) encoding generation problem,thereby achieving parallel recognition of multiple labels within a unified time slot and avoiding collision situations.The experiment shows that the estimation of the number of labels proposed is accurate,which can improve the label recognition rate within the time slot and effectively improve the propagation efficiency of the broadcast channel while ensuring the stability of the communication channel.

关 键 词：贝叶斯算法 泊松分布规则 FastICA独立主成分分析法 EPC编码 

分 类 号：TP391.4[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]