中国式现代化进程中的劳动技能结构变迁  

The Changes of Labor Skill Structure in the Process of Chinese Modernization

作　　者：崔岩[1] CUI Yan(Institute of Sociology,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100732,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院社会学研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《北京工业大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期29-48,共20页Journal of Beijing University of Technology (Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(24BSH064)。

摘　　要：在发展新动能持续增强和产业结构稳步升级的过程中,当代中国的劳动技能结构也正在发生历史性变革。通过建立年龄-时期-世代模型发现,在中国劳动技能结构的变迁中,劳动者就业岗位对复杂问题处理型技能、社会交往型技能需求随时期演进而上升,而对技术操作型技能水平需求则随时期演进而下降;同时,劳动技能结构中的不同维度在不同年龄、不同世代也呈现出显著的分化,青年群体和更晚世代的就业岗位有着更高的复杂问题处理型技能和社会交往型技能需求,技术操作型技能需求则在时期和世代两个时间维度呈现出下降趋势。劳动技能结构变迁一方面体现了经济高质量发展中技术进步带来的就业创造效应红利,另一方面也揭示了部分劳动者因劳动技能发展瓶颈面临被技术替代的风险。In the process of continuously strengthening the development of new driving forces and steadily upgrading the industrial structure,the contemporary labor skills structure in China is also undergoing historic changes.By establishing an age-period-cohort model,this article finds that in the structural changes of labor skills in China,the demands for complex problem-solving skills and social communication skills in employment positions increase with the evolution of time,while that for technical operation skills decreases with the evolution of time.At the same time,the different dimensions of labor skill structure also show significant differentiation at different ages and cohorts.The youth group and later cohorts have higher demands for complex problem-solving skills and social interaction skills in employment positions,while that for technical operation skills shows a downward trend in both the period and cohort dimensions.The transformation of labor skill structure reflects not only the employment creation effect dividends brought by technological progress in high-quality economic development,but also the risk of some workers being replaced by technology due to labor skill bottlenecks.

关 键 词：中国式现代化 就业结构 劳动技能 APC模型 技能分化 

分 类 号：C91[经济管理]