播期提前下配施芸苔素内酯对早稻生长发育和产量的影响  

Effects of Advanced Sowing Date and Brassinolide Application on Early Rice Growth,Development and Yield

作　　者：徐青山 颜玉莲 王航风 迟春欣 孔亚丽 朱练峰[1] 张均华[1] 朱春权 XU Qingshan;YAN Yulian;WANG Hangfeng;CHI Chunxin;KONG Yali;ZHU Lianfeng;ZHANG Junhua;ZHU Chunquan(State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding,China National Rice Research Institute,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310006)

机构地区：[1]中国水稻研究所,水稻生物育种全国重点实验室,浙江杭州310006

出　　处：《核农学报》2025年第4期817-826,共10页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1902905)。

摘　　要：为探究芸苔素内酯(BR)对播期提前下早稻生长、发育和产量的影响,本研究以早稻中早39为材料,设置播期提前+喷施清水(F+W)、播期提前+喷施芸苔素内酯(F+B)、正常播期+喷施清水(C+W)和正常播期+喷施芸苔素内酯(C+B)四个处理,测定水稻秧苗生长、发育和产量相关指标。结果表明,与C+W相比,F+W显著抑制早稻秧苗生长,降低成苗率和籽粒平均灌浆速率,延长籽粒实际灌浆天数和水稻生育期,降低水稻有效穗数和穗粒数,最终降低水稻产量。与F+W相比,F+B显著提高早稻秧苗素质和成苗率,促进分蘖盛期和齐穗期水稻茎叶的干物质积累,提高成熟期水稻茎叶干物质输出率,增加籽粒的平均灌浆速率和终极生长量,缩短灌浆天数,并通过增加籽粒的千粒重和结实率提高早稻产量。以上结果表明,育秧期间喷施BR可缓解播期提前对水稻生长发育和产量的抑制作用,暗示生产上可通过施加BR来增加早播水稻产量。本研究为优化早稻种植技术和生长调节剂芸苔素内酯的合理使用提供了理论依据,对保障我国早稻安全生产具有重要意义。To clarify the effects of brassinolide(BR)application on the growth,development and yield of early rice with advanced rice sowing date,the early rice cultivar Zhongzao 39 was used in present study,four treatments were set up,including advanced sowing date+water application(F+W),advanced sowing date+BR application(F+B),normal sowing date+water application(C+W)and normal sowing date+BR application(C+B),and the indicators related to the growth,development and yield of rice seedlings were measured.The results showed that,compared with the C+W,the treatment of F+W inhibited the seedling growth,reduces survival rate after transplantatio and the average grain filling rate,prolonged the actual grain filling days and rice growth period,and reduced rice yield by reducing the effective panicle numbers and grain numbers per panicle.Compared with F+W,the application of F+B significantly improved seedling quality and its survival rate after transplantation,promoted the accumulation of dry matter in stems and leaves of early rice under full tillering and full heading stage,and improved the dry matter output rate of rice stem and leave at maturity stage.Furthermore,the application of BR increased the average grain filling rate and ultimate grain growth amount of early rice,reduced the actual filling days of early rice,and improved the yield of early rice by increasing the 1000-grain weight and percentage of filled grains.The above results indicate that spraying BR during the seedling raising period can alleviate the inhibitory effect of early sowing on rice growth and yield,suggesting that the yield of early-sown rice can be increased by applying BR.This study provides a theoretical basis for improving early rice planting technology and the rational use of the growth regulator brassinolide,which is of great significance for ensuring the production safety of early rice in China.

关 键 词：早稻 播期 芸苔素内酯 生长发育 产量 

分 类 号：S511.31[农业科学—作物学]