不同控释氮肥对稻田温室气体排放和水稻产量的影响  

Effect of Controlled-Release Nitrogen Fertilizers on Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Yield from Rice Fields

作　　者：王飞飞[1] 陈春[1] 李凡[1] 郭新亚 史玉良 陈卫军[1] WANG Feifei;CHEN Chun;LI Fan;GUO Xinya;SHI Yuliang;CHEN Weijun(Suqian Institute,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Suqian,Jiangsu 223800)

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院宿迁农科所,江苏宿迁223800

出　　处：《核农学报》2025年第4期839-845,共7页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：宿迁市农业科技自主创新资金项目(SQCX202305);江苏省科技计划项目(BE2022310);江苏省创新支撑计划(SQSC202201)。

摘　　要：为探究控释氮肥对稻田温室气体排放和产量的影响,以苏北地区稻田为研究对象,试验设置常规氮肥、硫包衣控释尿素、树脂包衣尿素、聚氨酯包衣尿素和脲甲醛缓释氮共5个处理,测定不同处理下的温室气体排放量及水稻产量和品质。结果表明,各处理CO_(2)、CH_(4)和N_(2)O排放通量变化趋势总体相似,与常规氮肥处理相比,控释氮肥处理温室气体累积排放量均显著减少(P<0.05),以聚氨酯包衣尿素处理效果最好,其CO_(2)、CH_(4)和N_(2)O累积排放量分别减少17.8%、49.5%和49.4%。控释氮肥处理的全球增温潜势(GWP)和温室气体排放强度(GHGI)较常规氮肥处理显著降低(P<0.05),以聚氨酯包衣尿素处理最低。稻米产量和品质方面,与常规氮肥处理相比,控释氮肥处理均提高了每穗总粒数、糙米率和整精米率,降低了垩白粒率和垩白度,其中聚氨酯包衣尿素与常规氮肥处理间具有显著差异。综上,控释氮肥处理显著降低了CO_(2)、CH_(4)和N_(2)O的排放,以聚氨酯包衣尿素处理的GWP、GHGI最低,水稻产量最高。本研究结果为控释氮肥在协调水稻产量和减排方面的应用提供了技术参考。In order to clarify the effects of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer on greenhouse gas emissions and yield,five treatments were set up in the rice fields in northern Jiangsu,including conventional nitrogen fertilizer,sulfur-coated urea,polymer-coated urea,polyurethane-coated urea,urea formaldehyde slow-release nitrogen.The results showed that the emission fluxes of CO_(2),CH_(4) and N_(2)O were generally similar across all treatments.Compared with conventional nitrogen fertilizer,controlled-release nitrogen treatment could significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions(P<0.05),with polyurethane-coated urea having the best effect,reducing the total emission of CO_(2),CH_(4) and N_(2)O by 17.8%,49.5%and 49.4%,respectively.The global warming potential(GWP)and greenhouse gas emission intensity(GHGI)of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer treatments were significantly lower than those of conventional nitrogen fertilizer treatments(P<0.05),with polyurethane-coated urea being the lowest.In terms of rice yield and quality,compared with conventional nitrogen fertilizer,controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer treatments increased the total number of grains per panicle,percentage of brown rice and head rice,while decreased the chalky rice rate and chalkiness.Overall,controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer treatments significantly reduced emissions of CO_(2),CH_(4) and N_(2)O.The GWP and GHGI were the lowest for polyurethane-coated urea treatment,and rice yield was the highest.The results of this study provide technical references for controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer application on the rice yield balancing and greenhouse gas emissions reduction.

关 键 词：温室气体 控释氮肥 水稻 产量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]