美国高校何以开展社会服务评价——基于对卡内基高校社会服务选择性分类体系的系统分析  

How American Higher Institutes Implement Social Service Evaluation: Based on the Systematic Analysis of Carnegie Elective Classification for Community Engagement

作　　者：郑淳 ZHENG Chun(Department of Liberal Arts,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 611756,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学文科学部,成都611756

出　　处：《世界教育信息》2025年第2期58-69,共12页Journal of World Education

基　　金：2024年度西南交通大学软科学项目“有组织科研视角下行业特色高校优化人文社科科研组织模式的策略与路径研究”(编号:2682024ZKZH020)。

摘　　要：基于自由参与机制的卡内基高校社会选择性分类体系为美国高校进一步推动社会服务工作的体系化与机制化以及变革其机构文化提供了方法论基础与行动指南。卡内基高校社会选择性分类体系观测框架强调社会服务实践的深度性、普遍性与嵌入性,引导参评高校从理念与文化再构、高质量的“高校—社区”学术合作关系构建、“服务—课程”学习发展、公民意识形塑等观测点,对其所开展的社会服务实践类型及过程进行系统描述。研究发现,卡内基高校社会选择性分类体系在价值视角选择、评价方法与技术范式创新、学术影响力拓展等方面表现出较为明显的优势特征,而其相对固化的评价框架所可能导致的社会服务实践制度与范式同构的“陷阱”、作为利益共同体的社区代表的显性度与参与度的“脱嵌”,以及对高校从“战略层面”转向“实践层面”的叙事不足等问题则为分类体系的改进带来较大的空间。Based on the voluntary participation mechanism,the Carnegie Elective Classification for Community Engagement(CECCE)provides a methodological foundation and action guide for American higher education institutes to further systematize and institutionalize their social service practice,while also transforming their institutional culture.CECCE emphasizes the depth,universality and integration of social service practices.It guides participating institutions to systematically describe the types and processes of their social service initiatives.The areas of focus include the reconstruction of concepts and culture,the development of high-quality“university-community”academic collaborations,the integration of“service-course”learning,and the shaping of civic awareness.The research finds that CECCE has distinct advantages in value selection,the innovation of evaluation methods and technical paradigms,and the expansion of academic influence.However,its relatively rigid evaluation framework may lead to a“trap”of isomorphism in social service practice systems and paradigms,as well as a“dis-embedding”of the visibility and participation of community representatives as part of the community of interests.Additionally,the framework’s insufficient attention to the shift from strategy to practice within higher institutions creates significant room for improvement in the CECCE.

关 键 词：高校社会服务 卡内基高校社会服务选择性分类体系 服务—学习 服务—学术 

分 类 号：G649[文化科学—高等教育学]