远场冲击波下螺旋桨毁伤与空化特征研究  

Research on damage and cavitation characteristics of propellers under far field shock waves

作　　者：王志凯 郑景洲 杨洋 夏辉衡 姚熊亮[1] WANG Zhikai;ZHENG Jingzhou;YANG Yang;XIA Huiheng;YAO Xiongliang(College of Shipbuilding Engineering,Harbin Engineering University,Harbin 150001,Heilongjiang,China;China Shipbuilding Group Engineering Management Center,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工程大学船舶工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150001 [2]中国船舶集团工程管理中心,北京100081

出　　处：《爆炸与冲击》2025年第3期137-153,共17页Explosion and Shock Waves

基　　金：国家重大专项(J2019I00170016);国家自然科学基金(12472366);黑龙江省优秀青年基金(YQ2021E009)。

摘　　要：螺旋桨是舰船推进系统的核心部件,其运动稳定性和效率直接影响舰船的性能。当前推进轴系抗冲击研究大多将螺旋桨等效成均质圆盘,忽略其结构特征,不能准确得到水下爆炸瞬态冲击下螺旋桨的瞬态毁伤特征。本文中针对螺旋桨的结构特征,基于湿模态分析法得到实体建模优于壳体建模,开展了远场冲击波作用下螺旋桨物面空化冲击动响应及毁伤特征分析,并结合螺旋桨高速旋转状态下产生的水动力空化现象,进一步分析螺旋桨瞬态毁伤特征规律。结果表明:在0°与90°攻角下,冲击波入射波作用于螺旋桨表面的物面载荷更高,但存在一个上限值,其与螺旋桨结构特征有关。在计及水动力空化状态下,桨叶的应力水平变化较为一致;桨叶主要塑性损伤区为叶根处,存在局部塑性和完全塑性两种模式。探讨了远场爆炸下螺旋桨毁伤与空化特征,研究结果可为推进轴系及螺旋桨抗冲击防护提供参考。The propeller is a critical component of a ship’s propulsion system that significantly influences the vessel’s performance through its stability and efficiency.Current research on the propulsion shaft system’s anti-shock properties often oversimplifies the propeller as a uniform circular disk,which disregards its structural intricacies and leads to inaccuracies in the transient damage characteristics during underwater explosions.This research focused on the propeller’s structural details and developed both an equivalent shell model and a more intricate solid model.Through structural wet modal numerical simulations,the study had determined that solid modeling outperforms shell modeling in accuracy.This finding is corroborated by comparisons with empirical formulas,thereby validating the fluid-structure coupling analysis model.Building upon this foundation,the research examines the propeller’s transient shock response and damage characteristics when subjected to farfield shockwaves.Utilizing the total wave algorithm in ABAQUS,the investigation extends to the cavitation and damage patterns of the propeller under such conditions,with confirmation provided by the one-dimensional Bleich-Sandler finite element model.To delve deeper into the phenomenon of hydrodynamic cavitation caused by the propeller’s high-speed rotation,the coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian(CEL)method was applied.Initially,a simplified propeller model was created to confirm the cavitation bubble layer’s fragmentation due to the flow field load resulting from explosive product expansion.Subsequent modifications to the propeller’s transient fluid-structure coupling calculation model allow for a more thorough analysis of its transient damage characteristics.The findings indicate that at attack angles of 0°and 90°,the propeller surface experiences heightened shockwave loads,albeit with a threshold linked to the propeller’s structural properties.When hydrodynamic cavitation is factored in,the stress distribution on the propeller blade tends

关 键 词：水下爆炸 螺旋桨 毁伤特性 空化效应 

分 类 号：O383[理学—流体力学]