论黔东苗语的反预期表达及其标记的来源  

On the Counter-expectation Expression and Its Markers in Hmu Language

作　　者：张成[1] ZHANG Cheng(College of Chinese Language and Literature,Guizhou Minzu University,Guiyang,Guizhou,550025)

机构地区：[1]贵州民族大学文学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《贵州师范学院学报》2025年第2期57-67,共11页Journal of Guizhou Education University

基　　金：国家社科重大项目“中国苗语方言地图集”阶段性成果(21ZDA302);国家社会科学基金重大招标项目“基于《世界语言结构地图集》的中国少数民族语言类型研究”(17ZDA310);贵州省哲学社会科学基金青年项目“贵州苗族语言生态调查研究”(20GZQN14)。

摘　　要：黔东苗语反预期表达比较丰富,通过一系列的语法手段或语义关系体现出来,使得句子内部或分句之间的语义产生对立性。语用上,反预期信息具有较强的主观性,在句子中具有强调或凸显功能,具有“惊喜或意外”“批评或责怪”“惋惜或遗憾”的情态功能。反预期标记的表达比较丰富,通过连词、疑问词、副词等修饰,也可以通过句义表达。反预期标记主要有3个来源,其一为虚词表达,经历了实词语法化的过程。其二是短语词汇化,通过重组和固化过程,所经历的阶段也有所差异,通过类推和重新分析来实现。其三是借用汉语的表达形式,是语法复制的结果。The counter-expectation expressions in Hmu language are relatively rich,reflected through a series of grammatical means or semantic relationships,which generate opposition in meaning within sentences or between clauses.Pragmatically,counter-expectation information has strong subjectivity,and in sentences,it serves an emphasizing or highlighting function.It carries modal functions such as"surprise or unexpectedness","criticism or reproach",and"regret or lament".The expression of counter-expectation markers is diverse,involving conjunctions,interrogative words,adverbs,and other modifiers,and can also be conveyed through sentence meaning.There are three main sources for counter-expectation markers:First,there are from content words that have undergone grammaticalization processes.Second,some are lexicalized phrases,which have undergone processes of reorganization and solidification,with varying stages of development,achieved through analogy and reanalysis.Third,some counter-expectation markers are borrowed from Chinese expressions,resulting from grammatical replication.

关 键 词：黔东苗语 反预期表达 语法功能 标记 来源 

分 类 号：H216[语言文字—少数民族语言]