北京某医院儿童呼吸道过敏性疾病吸入过敏原致敏特征  

The sensitization characteristics of aeroallergens in children with respiratory allergic diseases in a hospital in Beijing

作　　者：张旭东 李启亮[2] 向莉[1] 姜楠楠 李珍[1] 皇惠杰 ZHANG Xudong;LI Qiliang;XIANG Li;JIANG Nannan;LI Zhen;HUANG Huijie(Department of Allergy,National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases,Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children,Ministry of Education,Beijing Children's Hospital,Capital Medical University,National Center for Children's Health,Beijing 100045,China;Department of Clinical Laboratory Center,Beijing Children's Hospital,Capital Medical University,National Center for Children's Health,Beijing 100045,China)

机构地区：[1]国家儿童医学中心、首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院、儿科重大疾病研究教育部重点实验室、国家呼吸系统疾病临床医学研究中心过敏反应科,北京100045 [2]国家儿童医学中心、首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院检验中心,北京100045

出　　处：《中华临床免疫和变态反应杂志》2025年第1期26-31,共6页Chinese Journal of Allergy & Clinical Immunology

基　　金：北京市研究型病房建设示范单位项目(BCRW202101);“生机计划2023”(202406170002);2023年北京市重大疑难疾病中西医协同攻关项目(2023BJSZDYNJBXTGG-005);基于互联网医疗的儿童哮喘管理体系的建设(YGLZ2022001);北京市科技新星计划(20240484542);科技成果转化孵育基金(ZHFY3-1-015)。

摘　　要：目的分析2019至2023年呼吸道过敏性疾病吸入过敏原流行病学和临床分布特征,为临床过敏性疾病的诊疗提供参考。方法回顾性分析2019至2023年就诊于首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院,患有支气管哮喘、过敏性鼻炎、支气管哮喘合并过敏性鼻炎患儿的吸入过敏原特异性IgE(specific IgE,sIgE)检测结果,分析其年度变化趋势和致敏模式。结果2019至2023年支气管哮喘、过敏性鼻炎、支气管哮喘合并过敏性鼻炎患者的霉菌组、动物皮屑组、花粉组阳性率呈上升趋势(P<0.01);尘螨组、霉菌组、动物皮屑组、花粉组在3种呼吸道过敏性疾病间的差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.001),其中支气管哮喘合并过敏性鼻炎的阳性率最高,分别为46.3%、51.1%、35.3%、58.7%。2023年患支气管哮喘、过敏性鼻炎、支气管哮喘合并过敏性鼻炎患者的致敏模式存在显著差异(χ^(2)=108.687,P<0.001);支气管哮喘主要的致敏模型为:霉菌致敏(9.1%)、霉菌与花粉同时致敏(9.1%);过敏性鼻炎的主要致敏模型为:花粉致敏(12.8%)、霉菌与花粉同时致敏(11.1%);支气管哮喘合并过敏性鼻炎的主要致敏模型为:霉菌与花粉同时致敏(11.8%),尘螨、霉菌与花粉同时致敏(9.8%)。结论北京气道过敏儿童吸入性过敏原阳性率呈上升趋势。不同呼吸道过敏性疾病吸入的过敏原存在差异,过敏性鼻炎的过敏原以花粉为主,支气管哮喘过敏原以霉菌为主,支气管哮喘合并过敏性鼻炎过敏原以霉菌和花粉为主。Objective To analyze prevalence and characteristics of clinical distribution of inhalant allergens among children with respiratory allergic diseases since 2019 to 2023 and to provide reference for diagnosis and treatment of clinical allergic diseases.Methods The results of inhalant allergen specific IgE(sIgE)detection of children were retrospectively analyzed,who were diagnosed as bronchial asthma,allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma combined with allergic rhinitis in Beijing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University since 2019 to 2023,while annual trend and sensitization profile were also analyzed.Results Positive rates of mold,animal dander and pollen group in patients with asthma,allergic rhinitis and asthma combined with allergic rhinitis showed an up trend(P<0.01)since 2019 to 2023.The differences of positive rates of dust mite,mold,animal dander and pollen group demonstrated significant statistically among three kinds of respiratory allergic diseases(P<0.001).The positive rates of patients with asthma combined with allergic rhinitis were the highest,which was 46.3%,51.1%,35.3%and 58.7%respectively.The differences were significant statistically in sensitization profiles of patients with asthma,allergic rhinitis and asthma combined with allergic rhinitis in 2023(χ^(2)=108.687,P<0.001).The dominant sensitization profile of asthma were molds sensitization(9.1%)and molds combined with pollens sensitization(9.1%).The major allergic rhinitis sensitization profiles were pollens sensitization(12.8%)and simultaneous sensitization of molds and pollens(11.1%).The predominant sensitization profile of asthma combined with allergic rhinitis were simultaneous sensitization of molds and pollens(11.8%),dust mites combined with molds and pollens sensitization(9.8%).Conclusions The positive rate of inhalant allergens among children with airway allergic diseases in Beijing is increasing.The inhalant allergen sensitization profiles are differed among different respiratory allergic diseases.The major allerge

关 键 词：儿童 过敏原 支气管哮喘 过敏性鼻炎 

分 类 号：R725.6[医药卫生—儿科]