碳中和技术:概念维度、功能范畴与结构体系  

Carbon Neutrality Technologies:Conceptual Dimensions,Func⁃tional Category,and Structural System

作　　者：黄鲁成 郭鑫[1] 苗红 罗晓梅[2] 张惠钊[2] 武宇铎 Huang Lucheng;Guo Xin;Miao Hong;Luo Xiaomei;Zhang Huizhao;Wu Yuduo(School of Economics and Management,Harbin Engineering University,Harbin 150001,China;College of Economics and Management,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工程大学经济管理学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150001 [2]北京工业大学经济与管理学院,北京100124

出　　处：《创新科技》2025年第2期1-15,共15页Innovation science and technology

摘　　要：碳中和技术是气候变化背景下技术创新领域的新概念,也是实现碳中和目标的关键。目前,关于碳中和技术的理论研究与实践应用均在迅速发展。梳理学术界的认知脉络,凝聚共识、辨析差异,对厘清碳中和技术理论体系以及促进碳中和技术开发和应用意义重大。首先,在分析碳中和特性、减排(减碳)与脱碳关系的基础上,界定碳中和技术概念,并从4个方面阐述碳中和技术特性;其次,基于现有文献可视化分析目前碳中和技术的范畴和组成情况,发现碳中和技术存在功能和内容交叉混用、界限不清的情况;最后,立足于研究现状,在碳中和技术概念维度的基础上,依据实现碳中和目标所需的技术功能构建技术体系,提出碳中和技术结构由减碳技术及其细分、脱碳技术及其细分组成。研究结论为碳中和技术的发展奠定了基础,有助于推动多学科交融和多系统互动的综合研究。Carbon neutrality technologies represent the cornerstone of achieving global carbon neutrality goals and have emerged as a pivotal concept in technological innovation under the backdrop of "climate change". As a key pathway to addressing global warming and resource environment constraints, carbon neutrality technologies' theoretical exploration and practical application are undergoing rapid development. However, existing research remains fragmented: the theoretical frameworks are not fully defined and there are still ambiguities regarding technology classification and functional boundaries. Therefore, synthesizing the academic discourse on carbon neutrality technologies and identifying points of consensus and divergence, is crucial for constructing a robust theoretical framework and advancing their practical development. Firstly, this paper clearly defines carbon neutrality technologies by analyzing their inherent characteristics and the relationships between emissions reduction (reducing carbon emissions) and decarbonization. It highlights four key attributes of carbon neutrality technologies. These technologies encompass a diverse set of pathways and methodologies rather than a singular approach, and their ultimate aim is to significantly reduce or completely offset greenhouse gas emissions while ensuring sustainable economic and social development. Secondly, this study utilizes existing literature and technological advancements to explore visualization techniques that elucidate the functional scope and structural components of carbon neutrality technologies. The findings reveal that the current understanding of these technologies often suffers from overlapping functions and ambiguous boundaries, particularly in distinguishing between carbon emissions reduction and decarbonization technologies. To address this issue, the paper refines the categorization of carbon neutrality technologies into distinct tiers based on their functions and objectives, enhancing the clarity of their compositional logic. This analysis

关 键 词：碳中和技术 减碳技术 脱碳技术 负排放技术 技术范畴 

分 类 号：G301[文化科学]