涝害胁迫对茄子生理特性和果实产量的影响  

Effects of Water-logging Stress on Physiological Characteristics and Fruit Yield of Eggplant

作　　者：杨静[1,2] 瞿飞 赵夏云 蒋芳芳 文林宏 王天文[1,2] YANG Jing;QU Fei;ZHAO Xiayun;JIANG Fangfang;WEN Linhong;WANG Tianwen(Institute of Horticulture,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang 550006,China;Guizhou Horticultural Engineering Technology Research Center,Guiyang 550006,China;Economic Crop Technology and Extension Station of Majiang County,Majiang Guizhou 556000,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院园艺研究所,贵阳550006 [2]贵州省园艺工程技术研究中心,贵阳550006 [3]麻江县经济作物技术推广站,贵州麻江556000

出　　处：《耕作与栽培》2025年第1期15-20,26,共7页Tillage and Cultivation

基　　金：贵州省农业科学院青年科技基金项目(黔农科院青年基金[2021]02号);2024年贵州省蔬菜产业技术体系(GZSCCYJSTX-01);2024年贵州省蔬菜产业技术体系(GZSCCYJSTX-02);“百”层次人才项目(黔科合平台人才[2016]5671号)。

摘　　要：为探究涝害胁迫对茄子生理特性和果实产量品质的影响,采用盆栽+大田试验,对涝害胁迫处理茄子幼苗的光合特性、叶绿素含量、保护酶活性、渗透调节物浓度及定植后果实的产量品质的变化进行研究。结果表明,涝害后,茄子的植株生长受到抑制,株高、茎粗、株幅显著下降,较常规处理(ck)平均分别下降58.40%、36.32%、73.52%;叶绿素含量和光合效能显著降低,其中涝害胁迫处理的茄子Pn、Gs、Tr平均分别降低36.81%、54.08%、47.41%;同时茄子幼苗的保护酶活性、渗透调节物浓度以及MDA含量显著增加,表明涝害胁迫下茄子幼苗的膜质过氧化加剧,保护酶系统上调以及渗透调节物增加,增强了茄子幼苗的活性氧清除能力以及维持了细胞内外的稳态。对涝害胁迫后的茄苗进行定植,测产结果表明,单株产量显著下降,说明涝害胁迫下叶绿素含量的降低、光合效率的下降以及膜质过氧化作用的损伤最终导致了茄子幼苗的生长受抑,使得产量的降低。In order to explore the effects of water-logging stress on physiological characteristics and fruit yield and quality of eggplant,pot and field experiments were conducted to study the changes of photosynthetic characteristics,chlorophyll content,protective enzyme activity,osmoregulator concentration and fruit yield and quality of eggplant treated with water-logging stress.The results showed that:after water-logging,plant growth was inhibited,plant height,stem diameter and plant width decreased significantly,which decreased by 58.40%,36.32%and 73.52%compared with normal irrigation treatment(ck).The chlorophyll content and photosynthetic efficiency of eggplant seedlings under water-logging stress decreased by 36.81%,54.08%and 47.41%,respectively.At the same time,protective enzyme activity,osmoregulator concentration and MDA content of eggplant seedlings were significantly increased,indicating that the membrane peroxidation of eggplant seedlings was intensified under water-logging stress,the up-regulation of protective enzyme system and the increase of osmoregulator could enhance the ROS clearance ability of eggplant seedlings and maintain the homeostasis in and out of cells.The seedlings were planted after water-logging stress,and the yield measured during the bearing period showed that the yield per plant decreased significantly,indicating that the decrease of chlorophyll content,photosynthetic efficiency and membrane peroxidation under water-logging stress resulted in the inhibition of plant growth and yield of eggplant.

关 键 词：茄子 涝害胁迫 保护酶 光合特性 渗透调节物 

分 类 号：S641.1[农业科学—蔬菜学]