扫盘式电控核桃捡拾机设计与试验  

Design and experiment of sweeping disc type electric control walnut picking machine

作　　者：谷润润 李利芳 孙宇杰 刘士真 魏中毅 艾力·如苏力 GU Runrun;LI Lifang;SUN Yujie;LIU Shizhen;WEI Zhongyi;RUSULI Aili(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Xinjiang Institute of Technology,Akesu Xinjiang 843100,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆理工学院机电工程学院,新疆阿克苏843100

出　　处：《农业工程》2025年第2期99-105,共7页AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区高校基本科研业务费项目(XJEDU2022P134);新疆阿克苏地区科技兴阿项目(2023KJXA01)。

摘　　要：为解决落地核桃收集耗时长、劳动强度大、自动化程度低的问题,设计一种可移动式自动化收集核桃的扫盘式电控核桃捡拾机,重点研究落地核桃的聚拢、收集和杂质分离。首先,阐述了核桃捡拾机整机结构与工作原理。其次,根据理论参数分析对核桃捡拾机关键部件进行三维建模设计。再次,运用ANSYS Workbench对扫盘和传输杆进行静力学分析和模态分析。结果表明,扫盘的应力主要集中在扫盘的端部与转轴接触部位,最大值0.487 03 MPa,小于材料的屈服强度275 MPa;扫盘变形量最大位置是扫盘中间部位,最大位移1.242e-04 mm;扫盘的最大位移出现在其边缘处。传输杆的应力主要集中在传输杆的左部与右部部位,最大值1.058 8 MPa,小于材料的屈服强度275 MPa,变形量最大的位置是传输杆中间部位,最大位移5.1269e-05 mm;越是远离传输杆中心的位置,传输杆的位移量越大,传输杆的最大位移出现在其边缘处。最后,根据有限元分析的结构参数,以最大作业幅度、最佳作业速度和最小离地间隙作为试验因素,开展田间试验研究。试验结果表明,该核桃捡拾机在最大作业幅度2 500 mm、最佳作业速度2 km/h时,捡拾率达85%以上,实现核桃的自动化收集作业代替人工捡拾,可为核桃收获机的优化设计提供理论和技术参考。To solve problems of long collection time,high labor intensity,and low level of automation in collection of ground walnuts,a sweeping disc electric walnut picking machine with movable and automated collection was designed,with a focus on aggregation,col-lection,and impurity separation of ground walnuts.Firstly,structure and working principle of whole walnut picking machine were ex-plained.Secondly,based on theoretical parameter analysis,key components of walnut picking machine were designed by 3D model-ing.Thirdly,ANSYS Workbench was used to perform static and modal analysis on sweeping disc and transmission rod.Results showed that stress on sweeping disc was mainly concentrated at contact area between end of sweeping disc and rotary axis,with a maxim-um value of 0.48703 MPa,which was lower than yield strength of material of 275 MPa.The maximum deformation of sweeping disc was located in middle of sweeping disc,with a maximum displacement of 1.242e-04 mm.The maximum displacement of sweeping disc occurred at edge.Stress of transmission rod was mainly concentrated in left and right parts of transmission rod,with a maximum value of 1.0588 MPa,which was less than yield strength of material of 275 MPa.The maximum deformation was located at middle part of transmission rod,with a maximum displacement of 5.1269e-05 mm.Further away from center of transmission rod,displacement of transmission rod was greater,and the maximum displacement of transmission rod occurred at its edge.Finally,based on structural para-meters of finite element analysis,field experiments were conducted with the maximum operating range,optimal operating speed,and minimum ground clearance as experimental factors.Experimental results showed that when the maximum operating range of machine was 2500 mm,and optimal operating speed was 2 km/h,pick-up rate of 85%or more.It achieved automatic collection of walnuts re-placing manual picking of walnuts,could provide theoretical and technical references for optimization design of walnut harvesters.

关 键 词：捡拾机 扫盘 电气控制系统 核桃 收获机 

分 类 号：S225[农业科学—农业机械化工程]