中国公众对基因编辑技术的态度及其转变——以构建多元协商治理体系为视角  

China’s Public Attitudes Toward Gene Editing and Transformation——From the Perspective of Constructing a Diversified Consultative Governance System

作　　者：何包钢 吴进进[3,4] HE Bao-gang;WU Jin-jin

机构地区：[1]澳大利亚社会科学院 [2]澳大利亚迪肯大学人文与社会科学学院 [3]深圳大学政府管理学院 [4]深圳市人文社会科学重点研究基地“深圳大学全球特大型城市治理研究院”

出　　处：《学习与探索》2025年第2期33-43,F0002,175,共13页Study & Exploration

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“政府算法应用的公众接受度影响因素与提升路径研究”(23BZZ083)。

摘　　要：基因编辑技术所蕴含的现实益处和潜在风险以及可能引发的社会问题,使中国公众对基因编辑技术的态度存在一定程度的分歧和对立,这不仅使政府在制定和执行相关政策时往往陷入两难境地,而且可能对基因编辑治理效果产生消极影响。此外,在基因编辑治理中公众参与的匮乏和缺位也是一个需要重点关切的问题。问卷和协商民意测验揭示了中国公众对基因编辑技术的基本态度,并分析了协商民主对公众态度转变的影响。基因编辑的协商参与使得公众对基因编辑态度更加积极乐观,也更加认同政府的监管,更加强调科学家的专业性和权威性。总之,协商民主在促进公众认知理性化和积极态度的形成方面发挥着重要作用,为构建政府、专家和公众等多元主体良性互动的中国式基因编辑治理体系提供了重要启示。The practical benefits and potential technical risks of gene editing technology,as well as the social problems it may cause,have led to a certain degree of divergence and opposition among the Chinese public towards gene editing technology,which has created challenges in the governance of gene editing,placing the government in a difficult position when crafting and enforcing related policies.Additionally,the lack of public participation in the governance of gene editing is a serious issue.This study examines public attitudes toward genetic editing technology through a citizen survey and deliberative polling.Deliberative polling reveals that engaging in discussions about genetic editing tends to shift public attitudes to be more positive and optimistic,effectively addressing public concerns about the technology.The negotiation and participation of gene editing have made the public’s attitude towards gene editing more positive and optimistic,as well as more supportive of government regulation,emphasizing the professionalism and authority of scientists.This research underscores the importance of deliberative democracy in enhancing public understanding and fostering a supportive attitude,offering valuable insights for developing a governance model for gene editing in China that promotes constructive engagement among the government,experts,and the public.

关 键 词：中国公众 基因编辑 公众态度 公众参与 协商民主 基因编辑治理 

分 类 号：D621[政治法律—政治学]