聚乙烯超细纤维非织造工艺研究进展  

Research progress in nonwoven technology of polyethylene ultrafine fibers

作　　者：张莉彦[1] 殷荣政 谭晶[1] 侯钦正 李长金 杨涛[3] 杨卫民[1] 李好义[1] ZHANG Liyan;YIN Rongzheng;TAN Jing;HOU Qinzheng;LI Changjin;YANG Tao;YANG Weimin;LI Haoyi(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing,100029,China;SINOPEC(Beijing)Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co,Ltd,Beijing,100029,China;China Chemical Fiber Industry Association,Beijing 100020,China)

机构地区：[1]北京化工大学机电工程学院,北京100029 [2]中石化(北京)化工研究院有限公司,北京100029 [3]中国化学纤维工业协会,北京100020

出　　处：《中国塑料》2025年第2期100-105,共6页China Plastics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U22B6012);中国石化科技部项目(223087)。

摘　　要：为深入了解化工产品聚乙烯超细纤维制备现状,从纤维细度出发,对国内外聚乙烯超细纤维非织造工艺进行综述分析。梳理了凝胶纺丝、闪蒸相分离、静电纺丝、熔喷4条路线的成丝机理、细化方法及目前存在的问题,剖析了凝胶纺丝中溶胀、溶解行为及高品质凝胶液与超倍拉伸的关联;探讨了闪蒸相分离中的相态变化、超临界CO_(2)“绿色制造”方法;针对聚乙烯非极性、分子量大、黏度高的物性,归纳了使用溶剂、添加导电粒子的溶液电纺以及通过共混小分子极性物质、提高降解温度升温降黏、增设环境温度延长鞭动时间来细化纤维的熔体电纺;分析了工艺参数对共混熔喷后开纤剥离多组分纤维的影响。最后指出使用超临界绿色流体、无卤素环境友好型溶剂等绿色制备方式为未来热点研究方向。To understand the development status of polyethylene(PE)ultrafine fibers as a chemical product,the nonwoven technology of ultrafine fibers at home and abroad was introduced and analyzed from the aspect of fiber fineness,and the spin-ning mechanisms,refining methods,and existing problems of wet spinning,flash phase separation,electrospinning,and melt blowing methods were reviewed.The key factors of wet spinning were high-quality gel solution and super drawing.The morphology of the prepared fibers was directly influenced by the degree of entanglement of polymer molecular chains,phase changes,and degree of synergistic curing and stretching of multiphase flow in flash evaporation phase separation.Due to the non-polar nature,high molecular weight,and high viscosity,PE is mostly electrospun through using solvents and con-ductive particles in solutions.However,greener melt electrospinning has attracted attention,because it can refine the fibers through blending small molecular substances,improving degradation temperature,lowering viscosity,and setting environ-mental temperature to extend whip time.The effect of process parameter on the separation of multi-component fibers after blending and melt spraying was analyzed.Finally,the hot research directions in future were pointed out,including the sus-tainable development technologies for supercritical green fluids and halogen-free environmentally friendly solvents.

关 键 词：超细纤维 聚乙烯 相分离 熔喷 静电纺丝 

分 类 号：TQ340.64[化学工程—化纤工业] TQ325.12