梨园秸秆腐解特点及不同秸秆覆盖量对土壤酶活的影响研究  

Straw decomposition and effects of different straw mulching amount on soil enzyme activities in pear orchard

作　　者：曹红妹 胡桂萍 熊江花 蔡翔 万雅静 马静 王丰 王亚威 叶川 杨柳青 CAO Hongmei;HU Guiping;XIONG Jianghua;CAI Xiang;WAN Yajing;MA Jing;WANG Feng;WANG Yawei;YE Chuan;YANG Liuqing(Jiangxi Economic Crops Research Institute,Nanchang 330202,China;Jiangxi Agricultural Ecology and Resources Protection Station,Nanchang 330006,China;Xiushui County Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Jiujiang 332499,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省经济作物研究所,江西南昌330202 [2]江西省农业生态与资源保护站,江西南昌330006 [3]修水县农业农村局,江西九江332499

出　　处：《土壤与作物》2025年第1期44-52,共9页Soils and Crops

基　　金：江西省农业技术应用与公共服务资金农业资源与生态保护财政专项项目“秸秆异位覆盖还田试验示范”.

摘　　要：探究梨园秸秆覆盖对秸秆腐解率及土壤酶活性的动态影响,为促进秸秆还田的实施和农业可持续发展起到积极作用。本研究采用尼龙网袋法开展梨园秸秆腐解特征调查,同时采集翠冠梨园4种秸秆覆盖量下的不同时期、不同深度土层土壤样品,研究了脲酶、蔗糖酶、中性蛋白酶和脱氢酶的活性变化。结果显示,在相同的间隔时间内,梨园前期秸秆腐解量大、腐解速率快,后期秸秆腐解量逐渐减少、腐解速率逐渐减慢,梨园秸秆腐解百分率在180 d时达64.8%,腐解速率在90 d时达到1.62 g·(g·a)^(-1)。不同秸秆覆盖量对土壤酶活性产生不同程度影响,但与对照CK相比,7.50×10^(3)、15.0×10^(3)和22.5×10^(3) kg·hm^(-2)这3种秸秆覆盖量下梨园10~40 cm夏秋季土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶,0~20 cm夏秋季土壤中性蛋白酶及0~60 cm夏秋季土壤脱氢酶活性均提高,并且4种土壤酶活力最大值均出现在15.0×10^(3) kg·hm^(-2)模式下的0~20 cm土壤,分别为夏季10~20 cm土壤脲酶含量为373 U·g^(−1)、夏季10~20 cm土壤蔗糖酶含量为20.3 U·g^(−1)、秋季0~10 cm土壤中性蛋白酶含量为0.76 U·g^(−1)、夏季0~10 cm土壤脱氢酶含量为39.3 U·g^(−1)。同时,采用Pearson相关分析对梨园秸秆腐解与土壤酶活性各指标间的相关性进行研究,发现不同指标之间存在不同程度的关联性,其中秸秆腐解百分率分别与中性蛋白酶活性、蔗糖酶活性分别呈显著正、负相关关系。综合分析以15.0×10^(3) kg·hm^(-2)的秸秆覆盖量对梨园土壤酶活性的提升作用最佳。The dynamic effects of straw mulching on straw decomposition rate and soil enzyme activities in pear orchard play a positive role in promoting straw returning to field and sustainable agricultural development.In this study,nylon net bag method was used to investigate the decomposition characteristics of straw in pear garden,and soil samples were collected at different periods and different soil depths under 4 kinds of straw mulch.The activities of urease,sucrase,neutral protease and dehydrogenase were determined.The results showed that,in the same interval time,the decomposition amount of straw in the early stage was larger and the decomposition rate was faster,while the decomposition amount of straw in the later stage was reduced and the decomposition rate was slowed down gradually.The percentage of straw decomposition in the pear orchard reached 64.8%at 180 d,and the decomposition rate reached 1.62 g·(g·a)^(-1) at 90 d.Different straw mulching amounts had different effects on soil enzyme activity.Compared with CK,the activities of soil urease and sucrase in 10~40 cm,and neutral protease in 0~20 cm and dehydrogenase in 0~60 cm in summer and autumn were increased under three straw mulching amounts of 7.5×10^(3),15.0×10^(3) and 22.5×10^(3) kg·hm^(-2),while the maximum activity of four kinds of soil enzymes appeared in 0~20 cm soil under 15.0×10^(3) kg·hm^(-2).The activity of urease and sucrase was 373 and 20.3 U·g^(−1) in 10~20 cm soil in summer,respectively,neutral protease of 0.76 U·g^(−1) in 0~10 cm soil in autumn,and dehydrogenase of 39.3 U·g^(−1) in 0~10 cm soil in summer.Pearson correlation analysis found that there were different degrees of correlation among different indicators,and the percentage of straw decomposition was significantly positively correlated with neutral protease activity but negatively with sucrose enzyme activity.The straw mulch of 15.0×10^(3) kg·hm^(-2) has the best effect on soil enzyme activity in pear orchard.

关 键 词：秸秆覆盖 覆盖量 腐解程度 土壤酶活性 梨园 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]