我国本科专业结构调整的现实样态、实践逻辑与优化路径——2014—2024年度高校专业调整行动的分析  

The realistic status,practical logic and optimization path of structural adjustment of undergraduate majors in China:analysis based on the action plan of undergraduate majors adjustment in ordinary universities from 2014 to 2024

作　　者：邬正阳 郭卉[1] WU Zhengyang;GUO Hui(School of Education,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学教育科学研究院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《高校教育管理》2025年第2期101-112,共12页Journal of Higher Education Management

基　　金：中国工程院战略研究与咨询项目(地方院重大)(2024-DFZD-15)。

摘　　要：通过对2014—2024年近2.8万条本科专业调整的数据分析发现,我国迎来了有史以来最大规模的专业结构调整,新增备案、审批和撤销点数逐年增多,以国家重大战略、区域产业发展和新一代信息技术为支撑的新专业迭代传统专业是主线样态。专业调整背后的实践逻辑彰显了政策靶向、知识生产和生源与就业市场等多方压力情景的交织影响,研究型高校和应用型高校分别表现出学术逻辑主导的新专业开设“渐进式”探索和市场逻辑主导的专业备案和撤销“急进式”推进。未来的专业结构调整要耦合国家战略和产业发展需求,坚持以学术逻辑为根本遵循,探索面向学科前沿的交叉融合“大专业”,同时应坚守“传统”和“冷门”专业底色,切忌盲目跟随政策和市场导向开展不切实际的“追新”和“裁旧”,专业建设重点应在课程体系等内涵建设,而非一味探索新名称和新建制。Through the analysis of nearly 28000 undergraduate major adjustment data from 2014 to 2024,it was found that China has ushered in the largest scale professional structure adjustment in history,with an increasing number of new registration,approval,and revocation points year by year.The main trend is the iteration of traditional majors supported by national major strategies,regional industrial development,and new generation information technology.The practical logic behind the professional adjustment highlights the intertwined effects of policy targeting,knowledge production,and the pressure scenarios of student sources and employment markets.Research universities and applied universities respectively demonstrate a"gradual"exploration of new professional offerings led by academic logic,and a"rapid"promotion of professional registration and revocation led by market logic.Future professional adjustments should be coupled with major national strategies and industrial development needs,adhere to academic logic as the fundamental principle,explore cross disciplinary integration of"big majors"facing the forefront of disciplines,while adhering to the background of"traditional"and"unpopular"majors.Blindly following policies and market orientation to carry out unrealistic"chasing new"and"cutting old"should be avoided.The focus of professional construction should be on the connotation construction of curriculum system and other aspects,rather than blindly exploring new names and new systems.

关 键 词：本科专业 结构调整 三角协调模型 国家战略 产业转型 学科前沿 内涵建设 

分 类 号：G640[文化科学—高等教育学]