核反应堆内温度测量研究进展与展望  

Research progress and prospect of thermometry applied for in-pile temperature measurement in nuclear reactors

作　　者：欧阳可琛 司明浩 邢力 冯晓娟[2] 张金涛[2] 孙艳飞[1] 杨星团[1] OUYANG Kechen;SI Minghao;XING Li;FENG Xiaojuan;ZHANG Jintao;SUN Yanfei;YANG Xingtuan(Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;National Institute of Metrology,Beijing 100029,China;Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Beijing 100082,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院,北京100084 [2]中国计量科学研究院,北京100029 [3]生态环境部核与辐射安全中心,北京100082

出　　处：《中国测试》2025年第2期1-18,共18页China Measurement & Test

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFF0603703);国家自然科学基金(52176170)。

摘　　要：核反应堆内的温度测量对于反应堆的安全和经济运行具有重要意义。当前堆内测温方式主要为技术较为成熟的热电偶或铂电阻温度计,但这类需要标定温敏关系的次级温度计存在着辐照环境下因材料组分或结构等变化而漂移的问题。随着新技术的不断发展,开发受辐照影响更小的次级温度计以及探索新型原级温度计的需求越来越迫切。文章将堆内正在使用或研究的各种测温技术分为以热电偶为代表的次级测温技术和以气体声学温度计为代表的原级测温技术,对各种测温技术的基本原理和研究进展进行综述,对其优缺点和耐辐照性能进行阐述,对其发展前景进行分析展望,为堆内测温技术的进一步研究和应用提供参考。随着温度单位重新定义的实施,在未来,以噪声温度计、气体声学温度计等为代表的原级测温技术有望在反应堆内温度测量和堆内次级温度计原位校准等方面发挥重要作用。It is essential to perform in-pile temperature measurement in nuclear reactors to ensure the safe and economical operation of the reactors.Currently,temperature measurement within nuclear reactors mainly relies on mature technologies such as thermocouples or platinum resistance thermometers.However,in the irradiated environment of a nuclear reactor,these secondary thermometers may encounter some problems.Due to longterm exposure to high-energy particles and radiation,the material composition or structure of the thermometers may change,leading to drift in the measurement results and thus affecting the accuracy of the measurement.As the continuous evolution of nuclear reactors,there is an increasing demand for developing secondary thermometers with higher resistance of irradiation and for the exploration of novel primary thermometers.This article categorizes various in-pile temperature measurement technologies currently in use or under investigation into secondary temperature measurement technologies,represented by thermocouples,and primary temperature measurement technologies,represented by acoustic gas thermometers.It provides a comprehensive review of the basic principles and research progress of these temperature measurement technologies,discusses their advantages and disadvantages as well as their radiation resistance,and analyzes and prospects their future development.This review serves as a reference for further research and application of in-pile temperature measurement technologies.With the implementation of the redefinition of the unit of temperature,primary temperature measurement technologies represented by noise thermometers and gas acoustic thermometers are expected to play an important role in temperature measurement within the reactor and in situ calibration of secondary thermometers in the future.

关 键 词：核反应堆 堆内温度测量 原级测温 次级测温 原位校准 

分 类 号：TB9[一般工业技术—计量学] TL375.5[机械工程—测试计量技术及仪器]