从构式的模板套用到“可伸缩构式”的形成——转喻视角下汉语词汇离散现象的重新解析  

From the Template Application of Constructions to the Formation of Telescopic Constructions:A Reanalysis of Lexical Separation in Mandarin Chinese from a Metonymic Perspective

作　　者：孙傲 袁毓林 SUN Ao;YUAN Yulin(the Department of Chinese Language and Literature,Peking University;不详)

机构地区：[1]北京大学中文系 [2]澳门大学人文学院,中国澳门

出　　处：《当代语言学》2025年第1期36-48,共13页Contemporary Linguistics

基　　金：澳门大学讲座教授启动研究基金(SRG2022-00011-FAH)和研究与发展基金(CPG2025-00008-FAH)的支持。

摘　　要：本文首先对前人关于离合词的有关研究进行评述,并尝试回答叶狂、潘海华(2018)对离合词“转喻说”的质疑。然后立足于真实文本语料,沿用“形式转喻”来解释词语的离散用法,用“可伸缩构式”这个动态性概念,说明语言构式在交际使用中有规律的变异形式及其表达功能;并使用“构式套用”来解释“类离合词”和词语的临时性离散用法的生成机制。这种解释模式能够在一定程度上说明离合词及离散用法不断扩展的现象,也能够进一步解释非双音词离散、黏着语素独立使用等现象。There are diverse opinions regarding the generation of separable words'discrete forms.This paper first reviews previous research on separable words and attempts to address Ye and Pan's(2018)critiques of explaining separable words using“metonymy hypothesis”.The phenomenon of separable words in Chinese is diverse,not limited to verb-object separable words,but also encompassing resultative and subject-predicate separable words.Moreover,there are cases where non-separable words temporarily exhibit a discrete usage.Based on the attested textual corpora,this paper adopts the notion of“formal metonymy”to explain the discrete usage of words.This approach not only accounts for the generation of discrete forms in verb-object separable words,which has been the primary focus of previous studies,but also extends its explanatory power to separable words with other structural patterns and to temporary separation phenomena in non-separable words.The paper,grounded in the hierarchical relationship among constructions,constructs a hierarchical structure of the verb-object construction using the dynamic concept of telescopic construction,and demonstrates that systematic variation forms exist in communication.Additionally,it employs the notion of“construction application”to elucidate the generation mechanism of word separation forms.In language use,employing different micro-constructions of the verb-object construction to express event information is a common strategy in Chinese.When we use verb-object separable words to express grammatical meanings such as“action,behavior-object,result”,we engage in a formal metonymic operation,putting the two components into a word pattern after various micro-constructions of the verb-object construction,thereby separating them and operating separable words according to the telescopic construction of the verb-object structure.As the use of separable forms continues to spread,not only can separable words with non-verb-object internal structures adopt the same separation method,but w

关 键 词：离合词 词汇离散现象 形式转喻 可伸缩构式 构式套用 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]