汉语句末语气词与状位绝对程度副词的同现限制机制  

The Co-occurrence Restrictions of Mandarin Sentence-final Particles and Absolute Degree Adverbs in Adverbial Positions

作　　者：吴早生[1] 许佳佳 WU Zaosheng;XU Jiajia(the School of Liberal Arts,Anhui University)

机构地区：[1]安徽大学文学院

出　　处：《当代语言学》2025年第1期49-66,共18页Contemporary Linguistics

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“现代汉语语气助词与程度副词的同现限制关系研究”(17BYY025)资助。

摘　　要：汉语句末语气词与状位绝对程度副词有时可以同现,有时不能同现,其同现限制存在着较为整齐的规律。就口语类状位绝对程度副词而言,与状位绝对程度副词中间量级(中高量)同现的句末语气词种类最多,而与两端高低量级的状位绝对程度副词同现的句末语气词逐渐减少,这是程度副词量级、主观性等级跟句末语气词功能相互作用的结果。句末语气词与带有书面色彩的绝对程度副词同现的规律相对于口语类稍显整齐,但因其书面色彩的强度并不一致,也呈现出不一致表现,即书面色彩强度越高的状位绝对程度副词越不容易与句末语气词匹配,也就越不容易与之同现。In Mandarin Chinese,the sentence-final particles and adverbs of absolute degree sometimes can co-occur and sometimes cannot.Moreover,their co-occurrence restrictions follow a relatively regular pattern,i.e.the co-occurrence differences of spoken degree adverbs are relatively significant,while those of written degree adverbs are relatively small.As for spoken adverbs in the adverbial position(AAPs)of absolute degree,when they are positioned in the intermediate level,there are as many as six sentence-final particles co-occurring with them.However,when they are positioned in the high or low level,the number of co-occurring sentence-final particles decreases.More exactly,the closer to the extremes of the scale of degrees it is,the more restrictions it places on the co-occurrence of AAPs with the sentence-final particles.As far as le/de/ma are concerned,super-degree or extreme-degree AAPs are less likely to co-occur with de/ma,while low-high-degree AAPs are less likely to co-occur with le/ma.As far as ba/ne/a are concerned,the super-degree and extreme-degree AAPs are less likely to co-occur with ba/ne/a and ba respectively.It is less likely that gou,a low-high-degree AAP,co-occurs with ne/a,whereas it is less likely that guai which is lower than gou on the scale of degrees co-occurs with ba/ne/a.This is the result of the interaction among the scale of degree adverbs,the level of subjectivity and the functions of sentence-final particles.The compatibility between the subjective expectation of adverbs of absolute degree and sentence-final particles in spoken language,is the main motivation for the co-occurrence restrictions.When the subjective expectation of spoken adverbs of absolute degree is appropriate,they can co-occur with sentence-final particles.But when they scale upwards to the high level or downwards to the low level,the restrictions for the co-occurring sentence-final particles are increasingly intensified,which makes it less likely for them to co-occur.Additionally,the subjective mood of sentence-final part

关 键 词：句末语气词 状位绝对程度副词 同现限制 程度量级 主观性等级 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]