认知定势与论元角色分布优势的汉英差异  

Cognitive Styles Underlying Differences in Chinese and English Ordering Prioritization of Thematic Roles

作　　者：陈忠 CHEN Zhon(the Faculty of Art and Humanities,University of Macao,China)

机构地区：[1]澳门大学人文学院,中国澳门

出　　处：《当代语言学》2025年第1期67-80,共14页Contemporary Linguistics

基　　金：澳门大学项目“汉英法语认知定势制约下的概念化途径及语序竞争探索”(MYRG2022-00050-FAH)资助。

摘　　要：汉语背衬优先认知定势提升了背衬论元角色的前置竞争力、句法独立性及跨句延续能力。在典型显体论元角色缺席的非及物事件中,在背衬优先的认知定势支持下,汉语背衬论元角色足以跟非典型显体论元角色相抗衡而分享前置权。可前置论元角色的范围拓展至方所等背衬论元角色,为首尾论元角色易位创造了宽松自由的条件。英语显体优先的认知定势压制背衬论元角色的前置竞争力,将它排挤至动词后,降低了背衬论元角色的句法独立性和跨句延续能力,缩小了可前置论元角色及首尾论元角色可易位的范围。具有人类普遍心理学基础的背衬和显体分工,跟特定文化的哲学基础相互作用形成特定认知定势,对论元角色的前置权博弈采取或支持或压制的不同策略,塑造了汉英论元角色分布的不同格局,分别形成“话题突出”和“主语突出”的类型学特征。While cognitive linguistics traditionally focuses on exploring psychological dimensions,it often overlooks the profound interplay between cultural values and cognitive processes.Levinson(2003:12-13)contends that Western culture,deeply influenced by ancient Greek philosophy's notion of“man being the measure of all things”,inherently fosters egocentric tendencies.This predisposition guides the English language to adopt the observer's self as the primary way of conceptualization,and English exhibits“egocentric and figure-preferential”traits.These disparities result in each language prioritizing distinct roles in terms of ground and figure in the process of conceptualization.The division between ground and figure has a universal psychological foundation,yet its conceptualization is deeply rooted in the philosophical frameworks of specific cultures.The philosophical inclination towards object-orientedness vs.egocentrism interacts with human psychological predispositions,giving rise to distinct cognitive styles that shape the divergent distributional patterns of thematic roles in Chinese and English.Factors such as the competitive nature of preposed ground thematic roles,the syntactic autonomy,the expansion of preposed thematic roles to encompass topics,the interchangeability of initial and final thematic roles,and the continuity of thematic roles across sentences all reflect the influence of cognitive styles.These cognitive styles dynamically influence and regulate the distribution of thematic roles in a multifaceted competition,thereby shaping the structure of language usage in Chinese and English.The cognitive preference for prioritizing ground thematic roles in Chinese not only boosts the competitiveness of preposed ground thematic roles,but also enhances their syntactic independence and the continuity of zero-form pronouns acting as ground thematic role across sentences.In intransitive events where typical figure thematic roles are absent,the ground thematic roles in Chinese,supported by the ground-prefere

关 键 词：认知定势 背衬优先 显体优先 论元角色 

分 类 号：H314[语言文字—英语] H14