汉藏语系的数量动结构  

Numeral-Verbal Classifier-Verb Constructions in Sino-Tibetan Languages

作　　者：惠红军[1] XI Hongjun(the School of Chinese Language and Literature,Shanxi Normal University)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学文学院

出　　处：《当代语言学》2025年第1期81-95,共15页Contemporary Linguistics

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目“汉语量词的认知类型学研究”(17FYY012)的资助。

摘　　要：本文分析了汉藏语系46种语言的数词、动量词和动词所组成的数量动结构,共得到四种语序类型:“数+量+动”“动+数+量”“动+量+数”“量+数+动”。这四种语序类型都属于数量一致型结构,其中存在“动+量+数?动+数+量”这样的蕴涵共性。这四种语序的分布特征和它们之间的内在联系能够为解释汉藏语系语言之间的一些特殊关系提供新的材料。This article analyses the numeral-verbal classifier-verb constructions in 46 Sino-Tibetan languages,and finds four types of word orders,i.e.,NUM+CL+V,V+NUM+CL,V+CL+NUM,and CL+NUM+V.These four types of word-orders are all agreement constructions,but Sino-Tibetan languages have one numeral-nominal classifier-noun construction which is a cleft construction.Therefore,in terms of word order,numeral-verbal classifier-verb constructions and numeral-nominal classifier-noun constructions of Sino-Tibetan languages show distinct differences.The article finds that V+CL+NUM?V+NUM+CL is an implicational universality,which means that V+CL+NUM and V+NUM+CL have higher typological value in Sino-Tibetan languages,and provides important and reasonable linguistic typological evidence to explain the differences and universality of numeral-verbal classifier-verb constructions of Sino-Tibetan language family.The semantic relation between the verbal classifiers and the numeral is closer than that between the verbal classifier and the verb.Moreover,in the CL+NUM+V construction of Tibeto-Burman languages and the V+CL+NUM construction of Zhuang-Dong languages,verbal classifier always precedes the numeral,in the same way that Luoba language expresses the quantity of verbs by changing the prefix of numeral.So,the article argues that we can consider these phenomena together to find the fundamental reason for the germination of verbal classifiers in Sino-Tibetan languages.The word order of numeral-verbal classifier-verb constructions of SVO language prefers the word order type of V+NUM+CL,and the word order of numeral-verbal classifier-verb constructions of SOV language prefers the word order type of NUM+CL+V.Therefore,in contact with Chinese language,those Zhuang-Dong languages whose basic word order is SVO,such as Zhuang language,Li language,and Bouyei language,have borrowed the V+NUM+CL construction from Chinese language,but have not borrowed the NUM+CL+V construction from Chinese language.On the contrary,in Chinese language,the V+NUM+CL co

关 键 词：汉藏语系 动量词 数量动结构 蕴涵共性 

分 类 号：H214[语言文字—少数民族语言]