2015—2018年大连市流感监测及甲型H1N1流感病毒HA基因特征分析  

Influenza surveillance and analysis of the HA gene characteristics of Influenza A H1N1 virus in Dalian City from 2015 to 2018

作　　者：韩焱[1] 吕秋月[1] 纪颖[1] 刘大鹏[1] 滕雪 孙楠[1] HAN Yan;LV Qiuyue;JI Ying;LIU Dapeng;TENG Xue;SUN Nan(Dalian Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Dalian,Liaoning 116035,China)

机构地区：[1]大连市疾病预防控制中心,辽宁大连116035

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2025年第3期209-214,共6页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31201879);辽宁省科学技术计划项目(2022JH2/20100002)。

摘　　要：目的本研究旨在了解2015—2018年大连市流感病毒的流行特征并分析甲型H1N1流感病毒的血凝素(hemagglutinin,HA)基因的遗传变异情况,为流感防控提供参考。方法对2015年7月—2018年6月流感监测哨点医院采集的3936份流感样病例(influenza-like illness,ILI)标本,采用实时荧光定量PCR方法进行流感病毒核酸检测,检测结果用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计分析。核酸阳性标本使用犬肾(madin-darby canine kidney,MDCK)细胞进行病毒分离,并随机选取每年的甲型H1N1流感病毒毒株进行基因测序,使用MEGA 5.0软件分析其HA1基因特征。结果流感病毒核酸检测阳性共590份,阳性率总体呈上升趋势,2017—2018年流感病毒阳性率最高(20.1%),2015—2016年流感病毒阳性率最低(10.9%),不同年份流感病毒阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=45.124,P<0.001)。共分离出甲型流感病毒H1N1亚型毒株94株,将随机选取的39株分离株的HA编码区与疫苗株及参考株的HA编码区进行比较,所有分离株均观察到P83S、D97N、K163Q、S185T、S203T和K283E位点突变。高比例的毒株(84.6%)具有S84N、S162N和I216T位点突变。结论系统发育分析证实,大多数在流行的毒株与上一流行季分离的参考株及疫苗株A/Michigan/45/2015亲缘关系较近,而与A/California/7/2009疫苗株的亲缘关系较远,揭示毒株积累氨基酸变异和形成新的系统发育群的趋势。Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of Influenza viruses and analyze the genetic variation of the hemagglutinin(HA)gene of Influenza A(H1N1)virus in Dalian City from 2015 to 2018,and to provide a reference for influenza prevention and control.Methods A total of 3936 specimens from influenza-like illness(ILI)cases collected from influenza surveillance sentinel hospitals from July 2015 to June 2018 were subjected to Influenza virus nucleic acid testing using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.The test results were statistically analyzed using SPSS 22.0 software.Viruses were isolated from the nucleic acid-positive samples using Madin-Darby canine kidney(MDCK)cells,the annual Influenza A(H1N1)virus strains were randomly selected for gene sequencing,and their HA1 gene characteristics were analyzed using MEGA 5.0 software.Results A total of 590 samples tested positive for Influenza virus nucleic acid,and the positive rate showed an overall upward trend.The Influenza virus positive rate was the highest from 2017 to 2018(20.1%),and the Influenza virus positive rate was the lowest from 2015 to 2016(10.9%).There was a statistically significant difference in the Influenza virus positive rates across different years(χ^(2)=45.124,P<0.001).A total of 94 Influenza A virus H1N1 subtype strains were isolated.The HA coding regions of 39 randomly selected isolates were compared with those of vaccine and reference strains,and mutations at P83S,D97N,K163Q,S185T,S203T and K283E loci were observed in all the isolates.A high proportion of the strains(84.6%)possessed mutations at S84N,S162N and I216T loci.Conclusion Phylogenetic analysis confirms that most of the circulating strains are relatively closely related to the reference strain and vaccine strain A/Michigan/45/2015 isolated in the last epidemic season,and distantly related to vaccine strain A/California/7/2009,which reveals a trend of strains accumulating amino acid variations and forming new phylogenetic groups.

关 键 词：流感监测 甲型流感病毒H1N1亚型 HA基因 进化分析 变异分析 

分 类 号：R373.13[医药卫生—病原生物学]