2008—2023年菏泽市手足口病流行特征及病原学监测结果分析  

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics and etiological surveillance results of hand-foot-mouth disease in Heze City from 2008 to 2023

作　　者：刘雅娟[1] 朱富伟 刘冬 袁辉[1] 徐凌忠[3] LIU Yajuan;ZHU Fuwei;LIU Dong;YUAN Hui;XU Lingzhong(Heze Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Heze,Shandong 274000,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]菏泽市疾病预防控制中心,山东菏泽274000 [2]曹县疾病预防控制中心 [3]山东大学公共卫生学院

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2025年第2期109-113,共5页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(71673169);山东省公共卫生重点专科建设三年计划项目(鲁卫办字[2022]117号,鲁卫函[2023]621号)。

摘　　要：目的分析2008—2023年菏泽市手足口病流行特征,总结流行规律,为今后的防控工作提供依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法分析菏泽市2008—2023年手足口病数据,采用SPSS 26.0软件进行数据整理和统计分析,率的比较用χ^(2)检验。结果菏泽市2008—2023年累计报告手足口病病例85967例,年均发病率为63.60/10万。手足口病发病高峰主要集中在3—7月;各县区年均发病率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=822.401,P<0.001),年均发病率为33.24/10万~106.60/10万。发病人群以5岁以下儿童为主,1~<2岁年龄组发病例数最多,为36002例,占41.88%,男女发病的性别比为1.82∶1,散居儿童发病例数最多,占92.74%。菏泽市手足口病各年份流行的优势病原体不同,2016年以前,以肠道病毒71型流行为主,2016年以后,以其他肠道病毒流行为主。结论菏泽市手足口病发病呈波动分布,2023年发病水平有回升现象。这提示今后在高发季节、高发月份前做好重点地区、重点人群的健康防护工作,落实5岁以下儿童的手足口病疫苗接种工作,实验室根据流行的优势病原体型别,调整手足口病病原体的分型检测工作,控制手足口病发病率的上升。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease in Heze City from 2008 to 2023,to summarize the epidemiological pattern,and to provide a basis for future prevention and control work.Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the data of HFMD in Heze City from 2008 to 2023,SPSS 26.0 software was used for data sorting and statistical analysis,and the Chi-square test was used to compare rates.Results From 2008 to 2023,a cumulative of 85967 cases of HFMD were reported in Heze City,with an average annual incidence rate of 63.60/100000.The peak of HFMD was mainly concentrated from March to July.There was a statistically significant difference in an average incidence rate among counties and regions(χ^(2)=822.401,P<0.001),with the average annual incidence rate ranging from 33.24/100000 to 106.60/100000.The disease incidence was mainly in children under 5 years of age,with the highest number of cases in the age group of 1-<2 years,which was 36002 cases,accounting for 41.88%.The sex ratio of onset of male to female was 1.82∶1.Scattered children had the largest number of onset of cases,accounting for 92.74%.The dominant pathogens of HFMD in Heze City were different each year.Before 2016,Eenterovirus 71 was the main epidemic pathogen,and other Enterovirus were the main epidemic pathogens after 2016.Conclusion The incidence of HFMD in Heze fluctuated in distribution,and there is a rebound in the level of incidence in 2023.It is suggested that future health protection should be strengthened in key areas and populations before the high incidence seasons and months.The vaccination of children under 5 years old with HFMD should be implemented.The laboratory should adjust the typing and detection of HFMD pathogens according to the prevailing dominant pathogen types to control the increase in the incidence rate of HFMD.

关 键 词：手足口病 发病率 重症率 流行特征 防控工作 监测 分析 

分 类 号：R725.1[医药卫生—儿科] R181.3[医药卫生—临床医学]