广东省郊区农村井水铝监测结果的分析与评估  

Analysis and evaluation of monitoring results of aluminum in rural well water in suburbs of Guangdong Province

作　　者：李军涛[1] 潘心红[1] 彭荣飞[1] 朱惠扬[1] 程焰芳[1] 王大虎[1] LI Juntao;PAN Xinhong;PENG Rongfei;ZHU Huiyang;CHENG Yanfang;WANG Dahu(Department of Physics and Chemistry,Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510440,China)

机构地区：[1]广州市疾病预防控制中心理化科,广东广州510440

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2025年第2期132-135,共4页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：广东省医学科学技术研究基金项目(A2021081)。

摘　　要：目的测定广东省某郊区部分农村井水中铝(aluminium,Al)的污染情况,并对重金属非致癌的健康风险进行分析与评估,为安全饮用井水提供科学依据。方法2020年9月用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)对4个村井水的铝含量进行检测。根据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749—2022),计算井水中铝含量的超标率,采用占比对分类变量进行描述,采用χ^(2)检验、Kruskal-Wallis检验进行组间比较,用单因素污染指数法与美国环境保护署推荐的健康风险评价模型进行风险评估。结果广东省某郊区农村井水靠近大型采石场,4个村井水中铝含量均有超标现象,超标率高达50.00%以上。不同采样点井水中铝含量超标率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=70.31、65.50、50.05、20.04,P<0.05);铝的单因素污染指数(index,I)平均值IAl=1.22,平均污染指数>1.00;铝的健康风险(risk,R)值RAl=6.06×10^(-8),低于国际放射防护委员会(International Commission on Radiological Protection,ICRP)的推荐值(5.00×10^(-5))。结论广东省某郊区农村井水铝含量超出国家标准限量,说明井水中铝含量超标严重,而健康风险值在可接受范围内,4个采样点井水铝的非致癌风险也在可接受范围内。长期饮用井水的风险可能加大,应对井水中铝含量加强监测和评估,防止发生突发公共卫生事件。Objective To determine the aluminum(Al)pollution in some rural wells in a suburb of Guangdong Province,and to analyze and evaluate the non-carcinogenic health risks of heavy metals,providing a scientific basis for the safe drinking of well water.Methods In September 2020,the aluminum content in well water from four villages was detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS).According to the Standards for Drinking Water Quality(GB 5749-2022),the over-standard rate of aluminum content in well water was calculated.To describe the categorical variables by proportion,and the Chi-square test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used for intergroup comparisons.The single-factor pollution index method and the health risk evaluation model recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency were used for risk evaluation.Results In a rural suburb of Guangdong Province,where the well water was close to a large quarry,the aluminum content in the well water of four villages exceeded the standard,with the rate of exceeding the standard as high as more than 50.00%.There was a statistically significant difference in the over-standard rate of aluminum content in well water among different sampling points(χ^(2)=70.31,65.50,50.05,20.04,P<0.05).The average value of single-factor pollution index(I)of aluminum was I_(Al)=1.22,and the average pollution index was>1.00.The health risk(R)value of aluminum was R_(Al)=6.06×10^(-8),which was lower than the recommended value(5.00×10^(-5))of the International Commission on Radiological Protection(ICRP).Conclusion The aluminum content in the well water of a certain rural suburb in Guangdong Province exceeds the national standard limit,indicating that the aluminum content in well water exceeds the standard seriously.However,the health risk value is within the acceptable range,and the non-carcinogenic risk of aluminum in well water at the four sampling points is also within the acceptable range.Nevertheless,long-term drinking may increase the risk,and the monitoring and e

关 键 词：井水 单因素污染指数 铝 监测 评估 分析 

分 类 号：R123.9[医药卫生—环境卫生学]