拉美政党生态对国家能力的影响——以巴西、委内瑞拉和墨西哥为例  

The Impact of Political Party Ecology on State Capacity in Latin America:Taking Brazil,Venezuela and Mexico as Examples

作　　者：杨建民[1] 张晓旭[2] Yang Jianmin;Zhang Xiaoxu

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院拉丁美洲研究所 [2]中国社会科学院大学国际政治经济学院

出　　处：《拉丁美洲研究》2025年第1期36-52,161,162,共19页Journal of Latin American Studies

摘　　要：自拉美国家在20世纪七八十年代再民主化转型以来,对其政党和政党制度研究的价值显著上升,国家能力也成为学界重点关注的研究议题。本文旨在探讨拉美国家的政党生态对国家能力的影响。由于拉美地区国家数量众多、政治传统相异且政党制度不一,本文选取1985年再民主化后的巴西、1999年查韦斯执政以来至今的委内瑞拉和1929—2000年革命制度党连续执政时期的墨西哥这三个代表性较强的国家作为研究对象,从政党碎片化、意识形态和庇护主义因素进行案例分析。笔者研究发现,碎片化、意识形态和庇护主义对拉美的国家能力均能产生影响,但在不同国家产生影响的程度并不相同,而且上述三个因素对国家能力均能产生积极和消极两个方面的作用。拉美国家要提高国家能力,既要正视政党碎片化的本质,又要重视意识形态和庇护主义两个工具,并对其加以适当利用。本文有助于读者更深入地理解拉美地区政党生态的特点及国家治理状况,并为相关国家的政策制定、体制改革和民主治理提供参考。Since the re-democratization of Latin American countries in the 1970s and 1980s,the value of research on their political parties and party systems has increased significantly,and state capacity has also become a hot research topic.This article aims to explore the impact of the party ecology of Latin American countries on their state capacity.Due to the large number of countries in Latin America and their different political traditions as well as different party systems,this article selects three representative countries as research objects:Brazil after its re-democratization in 1985,Venezuela since Hugo Chavez came to power in 1999,and Mexico during the continuous rule of the Institutional Revolutionary Party from 1929 to 2000.This article conducts case analysis from three dimensions,i.e.,party fragmentation,ideology,and clientelism in the Latin American party ecology.The study found that fragmentation,ideology and clientelism can all have an impact on Latin American state capacity, though the intensity of the impact varies in different countries,and the above three dimensions can have both positive and negativeeffects on state capacity. If Latin American countries want to improve theirstate capacity, they must not only face up to the nature of partyfragmentation, but also attach importance to the two tools of ideology andclientelism by making appropriate use of them. This article aims to helpdeepen the understanding of the characteristics of the party ecology andthe state governance in Latin America, so as to provide a reference forpolicy formulation, institutional reform and democratic governance inrelevant countries.

关 键 词：政党生态 国家能力 碎片化 意识形态 庇护主义 

分 类 号：D61[政治法律—政治学]