福利国家制度:发展、危机与改革困境——瑞典案例及其对中国共同富裕建设的启示  

Development,Crisis,and Reform Dilemma of Welfare State System:The Case of Sweden and Its Implications for China

作　　者：程璆 岳经纶[2,3] Cheng Qiu;Yue Jinglun

机构地区：[1]中山大学马克思主义学院 [2]中山大学中国公共管理研究中心 [3]中山大学政治与公共事务管理学院

出　　处：《拉丁美洲研究》2025年第1期83-106,163,164,共26页Journal of Latin American Studies

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“促进困难群体共同富裕的社会政策体系建设研究”(编号:22JZD025);广东省哲学社会科学规划项目“县域治理视角下广东城乡高质量融合发展研究”(编号:GD24YMK05)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：福利国家制度改革的经验教训对于中国共同富裕建设具有重要启示。瑞典是福利国家的典型模式。瑞典社会民主党以平等务实的执政理念、适时可调整的福利模式以及稳固多元的民意基础支撑起福利国家制度建设与改革,实现了长期执政;秉承改良主义与合作主义传统,以“人民之家”“第三条道路”等指导思想奠定福利国家建设的理论基础;当福利国家发展陷入危机时通过扩张与紧缩相结合的政策选择,应对经济发展困境和社会福利政策的路径依赖问题;面对选民基础不稳定性加剧的形势,重新突出平等、阶级等核心议题,除了继续重视传统工人阶级,还积极争取中间阶层的支持,建立跨阶级联盟。当前,如何发挥社会民主主义的政治引领作用,在高税收高福利的路径依赖中探寻改革方向,以及如何弥合不同政党的主张和民意需求,成为福利国家制度改革的关键议题。福利国家制度改革的经验,特别是开展协商对话、建立利益调节机制、构建综合平衡且可灵活调整的福利模式以及追求社会公平的价值取向等,可以为中国在共同富裕愿景下提升社会治理能力、推进社会政策创新发展以及凝聚社会共识提供有益借鉴。The experience of welfare state system reform holds considerable enlightenment for the construction of common prosperity in China.Sweden is a typical model of welfare state.During its long-term governance,the Swedish Social Democratic Party has enabled the construction of the welfare state with an equal and pragmatic governance philosophy,a timely adjustable welfare model,and a diverse voter base. The tradition of reformism and party cooperationism, together withthe ideological concepts such as "the People's House" and "the ThirdWay", laid the theoretical foundation for the construction of the welfarestate. When the welfare state of Sweden fell into crisis, it resolved theeconomic development predicament and the path dependence of socialwelfare policies through a combination of expansion and contractionpolicies. In the face of the increasingly unstable voter base over time, ithas once again emphasized core issues such as equality and class so as toenlarge its support. Currently, the key issues in the reform of the welfarestate system include how to exert the political guiding role of socialdemocracy, explore reform directions within the policy resilience of hightaxation and high welfare, and bridge the gap between the propositions ofdifferent political parties and voter base. The experience of Swedishwelfare state system reform could be inspiring for China to enhance itssocial governance capabilities, promote the innovative development ofsocial policies, and consolidate social consensus under the vision ofcommon prosperity.

关 键 词：福利国家 瑞典 社会民主主义 改良主义 合作主义 福利制度改革 

分 类 号：D773[政治法律—政治学] F171.2[政治法律—中外政治制度]