对“具体的总体”的前提性批判——论马克思社会研究方法的深层结构与科学性特征  

A Prerequisite Critique of the Concrete Totality—The Deep Structure and Scientific Characteristics of Marx's Social Research Method

作　　者：王时中 Wang Shizhong

机构地区：[1]厦门大学哲学系,厦门361005

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2025年第1期111-125,206,共16页Social Sciences in China

摘　　要：马克思从“抽象的规定”上升到“思想的具体”的社会研究方法,长期受到“实证主义”与“唯心主义”的多重误读。其根本原因在于马克思的社会研究成果是以“具体的总体”的形式表现出来的,而从“现实的具体”蒸发到“抽象的规定”的研究形式却无法同时显示出来。因此,需要在区分“现实的具体”“抽象的规定”“具体的总体”的基础上,批判性地揭示“具体的总体”的前提、形式与限度,以提炼与论证马克思社会研究方法的深层结构及其科学性特征。马克思的社会研究方法既是解构“资产阶级社会”的理论武器,又对中国式现代化道路具有不可替代的指导意义。From abstract determinations to concrete-in-thought,Marx's social research method has long been subject to misinterpretation,particularly by positivist and idealist perspectives.These misunderstandings arise because Marx's social research findings are presented as a concrete totality,while the methodical process of transitioning from real concretes to abstract determinations is not simultaneously articulated.To address this,it is essential to distinguish the real concrete,abstract determinations,and the concrete totality,critically examining the premises,forms,and limitations of the concrete totality.This allows for the refinement and substantiation of the scientific characteristics of Marx's methodology in social research.This method not only serves as a theoretical tool for deconstructing bourgeois society but also offers indispensable guidance for advancing Chinese-style modernization.

关 键 词：现实的具体 抽象的规定 具体的总体 马克思社会研究方法 科学性 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学] C3[社会学] B03