中华文明起源路径与模式的中原考古观察  

Archaeological Observations on the Path and Pattern of the Origin of Chinese Civilization in the Central Plains

作　　者：魏兴涛 Wei Xingtao

机构地区：[1]河南省文物考古研究院,郑州450099

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2025年第1期166-187,207,208,共24页Social Sciences in China

摘　　要：中华文明起源体现出由多元向一体的演进过程。中原地区是中华文明起源的重要区域之一,该区域尤其是其中豫西晋西南地区近年取得的考古发现对于揭示中华文明起源的路径与模式具有重要意义。豫西晋西南新石器时代文明化主要出现在仰韶文化中期和庙底沟二期、龙山时代两大阶段。前者是文化长期发展和社会渐趋进步的结果,可见中原地区最初文明化遵循的是渐进型发展模式,盛行世俗观念、务实思想,由此奠定了中国古代文明的基本特点和格调的方向性基础;后者以清凉寺墓地为代表,分层极为明显、原始宗教迷信盛行,具有明显的外来汇入特征,是周边地区文化因素向中原汇聚和多元的早期文明一体化进程的体现。两种文明演进模式揭示了多元一体中华文明的早期演进特征。经过多元化发展和周边因素向中原地区的汇聚,中华文明走向更高发展阶段,形成成熟灿烂的三代文明。The origin of Chinese civilization reflects an evolutionary transition from diversity to unity,with the Central Plains standing out as a key area in this process.Archaeological discoveries in this area,particularly in western Henan Province and southwestern Shanxi Province,provide crucial insights into the paths and patterns that shaped the origins of Chinese civilization.The Neolithic civilization in western Henan and southwestern Shanxi primarily emerged during the middle stage of the Yangshao culture and the two subsequent periods:the Miaodigou Ⅱ and Longshan eras.The former represents the outcomes of prolonged cultural development and gradual social progress.It demonstrates that the initial civilization of the Central Plains followed a gradual development trajectory,characterized by the prevalence of secular ideas and pragmatic thought,which established the foundational characteristics and stylistic direction of ancient Chinese civilization.In contrast,the latter,exemplified by the Qingliangsi Cemetery,shows pronounced stratification and a strong prevalence of primitive religious superstitions.This mode reflects the integration of cultural factors from surrounding areas into the Central Plains,marking an early stage of diversified civilization development.These two evolutionary modes reveal the early characteristics of the diversified and integrated Chinese civilization.Following the period of diversification and the convergence of factors from neighboring regions,Chinese civilization advanced to a higher stage of development,culminating in the splendid and mature civilization of the Three Dynasties.

关 键 词：文明起源 聚落形态 文明化进程 多元一体 

分 类 号：K872[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] G127[历史地理—历史学]