真空蒸馏分离杂质提纯金属钪研究  

Study on Impurity Separation and Purification of Scandium Metal by Vacuum Distillation

作　　者：刘维赛 焦照临 马小波 刘维 黄美松 刘华 LIU Wei-sai;JIAO Zhao-lin;MA Xiao-bo;LIU Wei;HUANG Mei-song;LIU Hua(Hunan Rare Earth Metal Materials Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Changsha 410126,China;Hunan Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Functional Materials,Changsha 410126,China;Hunan Rare Earth Co.,Ltd.,Changsha 410329,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南稀土金属材料研究院有限责任公司,湖南长沙410126 [2]稀土功能材料湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙410126 [3]湖南高创稀土新材料有限责任公司,湖南长沙410329

出　　处：《稀有金属与硬质合金》2025年第1期12-17,共6页Rare Metals and Cemented Carbides

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFB3504402);湖南省十大技术攻关项目(2023GK1080)。

摘　　要：采用Miedema混合焓模型进行热力学计算,获得了金属钪中各元素的饱和蒸气压、杂质元素与Sc的分离系数以及蒸馏挥发速率,分析了真空蒸馏提纯金属钪过程中Fe、Al杂质的分离特性及规律。根据理论分析结果,在蒸馏温度为1550~1700℃、真空度小于10^(-3)Pa的条件下进行金属钪的真空蒸馏提纯实验。计算结果表明,杂质Mg、Ca、Mn、Ni与主元素Sc的饱和蒸气压差值较大,易于真空蒸馏分离,而饱和蒸气压与Sc相近的Fe和Al杂质难分离;在1550~1700℃范围内杂质Fe、Al与Sc的分离系数均远小于1,且随着蒸馏温度的升高逐渐增大,不利于Sc与Fe、Al分离;随着蒸馏温度的升高,Sc与杂质Fe和Al的挥发速率均逐渐增大,且杂质随其含量升高挥发速率进一步增大。实验结果表明真空蒸馏可有效去除金属钪中的杂质Fe和Al,使其残留在渣相中。By thermodynamic calculation using Miedema mixing enthalpy model,the saturated vapor pressure of each element in scandium metal,the separation coefficient of impurity elements from Sc,and the distillation volatilization rate were obtained.The separation characteristics and rules of Fe and Al impurities in the process of scandium metal purification by vacuum distillation were analyzed.According to the results of theoretical analysis,the vacuum distillation and purification experiment of scandium metal was carried out under the conditions of distillation temperature of 1550~1700℃and vacuum degree less than 10^(-3)Pa.The calculation results show that the saturated vapor pressure difference between the impurities Mg,Ca,Mn,and Ni and the main element Sc is large,and they are easy to separate by vacuum distillation,while Fe and Al impurities with saturated vapor pressure close to Sc are difficult to separate.The separation coefficient of Al and Fe impurities from Sc at 1550~1700℃is far less than 1 and gradually increases with the increase of distillation temperature,which is not conducive to the separation of Sc from Fe and Al.With the increase of distillation temperature,the volatilization rate of Sc and impurity Fe and Al gradually increases,and the volatilization rate of the impurities further increases with the increase of their content.The experimental results show that vacuum distillation can effectively remove Fe and Al impurities in scandium metal,so that they remain in the slag phase.

关 键 词：金属钪 真空蒸馏 杂质分离 FE Al 热力学计算 MIEDEMA模型 

分 类 号：TF845.1[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]