通过氯化作用富集稀土精矿中钍和铈的研究  

Study on Enrichment of Thorium and Cerium in Rare Earth Concentrate by Chlorination

作　　者：王珂 张丽奇 张旭 杨育圣 赵增武[1,2] WANG Ke;ZHANG Li-qi;ZHANG Xu;YANG Yu-sheng;ZHAO Zeng-wu(College of Materials and Metallurgy,Inner Mongolia University of Science&Technology,Baotou 014010,China;College of Materials Science and Engineering,Inner Mongolia University of Technology,Hohhot 010000,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古科技大学材料与冶金学院,内蒙古包头014010 [2]内蒙古工业大学材料科学与工程学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010000

出　　处：《稀有金属与硬质合金》2025年第1期18-25,39,共9页Rare Metals and Cemented Carbides

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFC1909102);内蒙古自治区重大科技计划项目(2021ZD0016);内蒙古自治区直属高校基本科研业务费项目(2022QNJS015,2022QNJS092)。

摘　　要：通过MgCl_(2)和AlCl_(3)与稀土精矿的反应热力学计算、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)等,比较了MgCl_(2)和AlCl_(3)的氯化能力,测定了白云鄂博稀土精矿与MgCl_(2)和AlCl_(3)反应产物的物相组成和产物经过水浸后滤液中稀土和钍的含量,并研究了MgCl_(2)和AlCl_(3)对稀土氧化物(La_(2)O_(3)、CeO_(2)、Nd_(2)O_(3)、Pr6O11等)和ThO_(2)的氯化作用,以及对钍和铈的富集效果。结果表明,AlCl_(3)对稀土精矿的氯化能力大于MgCl_(2),但反应产物中有氟化稀土和磷酸稀土形成,无法实现铈和钍的有效富集。利用焙烧-浸出法分离白云鄂博稀土精矿中稀土和钍的最佳条件为:稀土精矿中RE与MgCl_(2)的物质的量之比1∶1.3、焙烧时间4 h、焙烧温度700℃、水浸时间1 h。在此条件下,钍的富集率达到82.5%,铈的富集率达到95.4%。By thermodynamic calculations of reactions of MgCl_(2)and AlCl_(3)with rare earth concentrates,Xray diffractometer(XRD)and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer(ICP-AES),the chlorination capabilities of MgCl_(2)and AlCl_(3)were compared,and the phase composition of the reaction products between Bayan Obo rare earth concentrate and MgCl_(2)or AlCl_(3)was determined,as well as the contents of rare earths and thorium in the filtrate after water leaching of the products.The study also investigated the chlorination effects of MgCl_(2)and AlCl_(3)on rare earth oxides(La_(2)O_(3),CeO_(2),Nd_(2)O_(3),Pr6O11,etc.)and ThO_(2),as well as their enrichment effects on Th and Ce.The results indicate that AlCl_(3)has a greater chlorination ability towards rare earth concentrate than MgCl_(2),but the reaction products contain fluorinated and phosphorylated rare earths,which prevents effective enrichment of cerium and thorium.The optimal conditions for separating rare earths and thorium from Bayan Obo rare earth concentrate by roastingleaching are as follows:molar ratio of RE in rare earth concentrate to MgCl_(2)of 1∶1.3,roasting time of 4 h,roasting temperature of 700℃,and water leaching time of 1 h.Under these conditions,the enrichment rate of thorium reaches 82.5%,and the enrichment rate of cerium reaches 95.4%.

关 键 词：稀土精矿 钍 铈 焙烧 浸出 氯化 MgCl_(2) AlCl_(3) 

分 类 号：TF845.6[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]