连续多年施用有机肥替代施用化肥对苹果园土壤酸碱度和交换性能的影响  

Effects of continuous years organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer on soil pH and exchange capacity in apple orchard

作　　者：谢洪梅 倪伟[1] 关亚菲 刘春铃 武文菊 郭子森 姜远茂[1] 葛顺峰[1] 李壮[2] 李燕青[2] 朱占玲[1] Xie Hongmei;Ni Wei;Guan Yafei;Liu Chunling;Wu Wenju;Guo Zisen;Jiang Yuanmao;Ge Shunfeng;Li Zhuang;Li Yanqing;Zhu Zhanling(College of Horticulture Science and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural Univesity/Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province/Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit&Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production of Shandong Province,Tai’an 271018;Institute of Pomology of CAAS/Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Utilization of Horticultural Crops,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Mineral Nutrition and Efficient Fertilization for Deciduous Fruits,Liaoning Province/Comprehensive Laboratory of Fruit Tree Biology,Institute of Pomology of CAAS)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院,山东省苹果技术创新中心,山东省果蔬优质高效生产协同创新中心,泰安271018 [2]中国农业科学院果树研究所,农业农村部园艺作物种质资源利用重点实验室,辽宁省落叶果树矿质营养与肥料高效利用重点实验室,中国农业科学院果树研究所果树生物学综合实验室

出　　处：《中国果树》2025年第2期14-21,共8页China Fruits

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2301000);山东省重点研发计划(重大创新工程项目)(2024CXGC010903);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2022QC192);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系建设资金项目(CARS-27)。

摘　　要：为明确连续多年施用有机肥替代施用化肥对苹果园土壤酸碱度和交换性能的影响,研究了不同施肥处理对苹果园土壤p H值、交换性酸含量、交换性盐基离子含量及阳离子交换量的影响。试验设6个处理:_(25)%的氮由有机肥提供和_(75)%的氮由化肥提供(F_(75)M_(25))、50%的氮由有机肥提供和50%的氮由化肥提供(F50M50)、_(75)%的氮由有机肥提供和_(25)%的氮由化肥提供(F_(25)M_(75))、_(100)%的氮由有机肥提供(M_(100))、_(100)%的氮由化肥提供(F_(100))、不施肥对照(CK)。结果表明,连续处理6年后,与不施肥对照相比,施用不同比率的有机肥替代施用化肥处理均有效降低了土壤交换性酸含量,提高了土壤p H值,减缓了土壤酸化程度。与F_(100)处理相比,F_(75)M_(25)、F50M50、F_(25)M_(75)和M_(100)处理的土壤p H值分别提高了0.19、0.65、0.76和1.07。连续多年施用有机肥替代施用化肥处理显著提高了土壤阳离子交换量和盐基饱和度,以M_(100)处理最高,比F_(100)处理分别提高23.97%和82.34%。与F_(100)处理相比,土壤交换性Ca^(2+)和Mg^(2+)含量随着有机肥使用量的增加而升高,以M_(100)处理的提升最显著,分别提升了157.9%和110.0%。但是,有机肥的施用也增加了土壤可溶性盐含量,M_(100)处理分别比CK和F_(100)处理提高了55.00%和46._(75)%。F_(100)处理显著增强了土壤酸性,降低了土壤交换性能。因此,综合土壤酸碱度、交换性能和土壤可溶性盐含量,本试验条件下有机肥替代化肥的比率为_(75)%时效果最佳。In order to clarify the effects of continuous years organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer on soil pH and exchange performance in apple orchard,this experiment studied the effects of different fertilization treatments on soil pH,exchangeable acid,exchangeable base ions and cation exchange capacity in apple orchard.Six treatments were set up in the experiment:_(25)%nitrogen provided by organic fertilizer and _(75)%nitrogen provided by chemical fertilizer(F_(75)M_(25)),50%nitrogen provided by organic fertilizer and 50%nitrogen provided by chemical fertilizer(F50M50),_(75)%nitrogen provided by organic fertilizer and _(25)%nitrogen provided by chemical fertilizer(F_(25)M_(75)),and _(100)%nitrogen provided by organic fertilizer(M_(100)),_(100)%nitrogen provided by chemical fertilizer(F_(100)),no fertilization control(CK).The results showed that after 6 years of continuous treatment,compared with no fertilizer treatment.Different proportions of organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer effectively reduced the content of soil exchangeable acid,increased soil pH,and slowed down the degree of soil acidification.Compared with F_(100) treatment,the pH of F_(75)M_(25),F50M50,F_(25)M_(75),and M_(100) treatments increased by 0.19,0.65,0.76,and 1.07,respectively.Continuous years of organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer treatment significantly increased soil cation exchange capacity and base saturation,with M_(100) treatment being the highest,which was 23.97%and 82.34%higher than F_(100) treatment,respectively.Compared with F_(100) treatment,the contents of soil exchangeable Ca^(2+)and Mg^(2+)increased with the increase of organic fertilizer application,and the improvement of M_(100) treatment was the most significant,which increased by 157.9%and 110.0%,respectively.However,the application of organic fertilizer also led to an increase in soil soluble salt content.M_(100) treatment was 55.00%and 46._(75)%higher than CK and F_(100) treatment,respectively.Therefore,considering the soil pH,exchange per

关 键 词：苹果园 土壤酸碱度 交换性能 有机肥 化肥 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]