震后恢复阶段短期避难场所选址与物资分配优化  

Optimization of Short-term Shelter Location and Material Allocation in the Postearthquake Recovery Phase

作　　者：耿劭卿 GENG Shaoqing(Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300)

机构地区：[1]中国民航大学,天津300300

出　　处：《物流技术》2025年第2期73-84,共12页Logistics Technology

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费项目(3122024QD16);中国物流学会面上课题(2024CSLKT3-014);天津市哲学社会科学规划年度课题(TJGLQN24-020)。

摘　　要：在震后恢复阶段,灾民疏散需求呈现时变升级特点。为保证短期避难场所的经济性与舒适性,并动态调配应急物资,构建短期避难场所选址与物资分配多周期优化模型,旨在最小化灾民总转移距离、物资运输距离及开放避难场所数量。模型利用加权ε-约束方法确定短期避难场所与属地配送中心位置,并制定灾民逐步转移安置方案;利用增广ε-约束方法求解属地配送中心开放和物资配送方案,确保物资供应成本最小化与满足率最大化;利用滚动时域方法,更新不同周期内的应急设施选址与物资分配策略。以2013年雅安地震震后4-10天救援数据为例,验证了模型的有效性。结果表明,该模型能有效解决震后恢复阶段短期避难场所选址和物资分配问题,且综合考虑灾民疏散和物资分配活动的集成优化方案在物资运输距离和物资满足率方面更具优势,有助于提升应急响应效率和灾害管理水平。During the post-earthquake recovery phase,the evacuation demands of disaster victims exhibit time-varying and escalating characteristics.To ensure both the economy and comfort of short-term shelters while dynami-cally allocating emergency resources,a multi-period optimization model for short-term shelter location and material allocation is developed to minimize the total relocation distance of victims,the resource allocation distance,and the number of opened short-term shelters.For victim evacuation,a weightedε-constraint method is adopted to deter-mine the locations of short-term shelters and local distribution centers,and to formulate a phased evacuation and re-settlement plan.An augmentedε-constraint method is utilized to optimize the opened local distribution centers and supplies allocation plans to ensure cost minimization and supply sufficiency.By using a rolling horizon approach,the strategies for emergency facility location and resource allocation are updated across different periods.The effective-ness of the proposed model is validated by using rescue data from the 2013 Ya'an earthquake covering 4 to 10 post-disaster days.The results demonstrate that the model effectively addresses the problem of short-term shelter site se-lection and resource allocation in the post-earthquake recovery phase.Case studies reveal that an integrated optimi-zation approach in consideration of both victim evacuation and resource allocation is more preferable to reducing supply transportation distances and improving supply sufficiency,thereby enhancing emergency response efficiency and disaster management capabilities.

关 键 词：震后恢复 短期避难场所 应急设施选址 物资分配 灾民疏散 

分 类 号：F251[经济管理—国民经济] D035[政治法律—政治学]