某型城轨车辆牵引电机冷却风扇断裂分析  

Fracture Analysis of a Certain Type of Traction Motor Cooling Fan

作　　者：高政霞 王勉 张小力[2] 王雷 何梅 GAO Zheng-xia;WANG Mian;ZHANG Xiao-li;WANG Lei;HE Mei(Xi′an Vocational University of Automobile,Xi′an 710600,Shaanxi,China;Shaanxi Railway Institute,Weinan 714000,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]西安汽车职业大学,陕西西安710600 [2]陕西铁路工程职业技术学院,陕西渭南714000

出　　处：《机械研究与应用》2025年第1期128-130,共3页Mechanical Research & Application

基　　金：2023年陕西省本科层次职业教育研究专项基金项目:校企协同管理的专业教师赴企业轮训机制的探索与实践-以轨道交通类专业为例(编号:2023BJG005);2022年西安汽车职业大学校级科研基金项目:校企融合培养高素质技术技能人才-以探索城轨车辆专业大师技能工作室为例(编号:2022KJ005)。

摘　　要：冷却风扇扇叶在牵引电机中起着至关重要的作用,而牵引电机工作环境的复杂性会导致扇叶发生断裂故障现象。该文对故障断裂扇叶进行了外观检查、金相组织和显微硬度检测,对断口进行了宏、微观检查分析,通过分析综合判断叶片的断裂性质和原因。结果表明:组成扇叶的竖板焊缝端头存在焊接缺陷;同时,扇叶在低周离心拉应力及高周振动应力的综合作用下发生高低周复合疲劳断裂。再根据断裂问题及原因提出改进措施:在结构优化设计方面,提高扇叶的承载能力,降低冷却风扇叶片的振动应力;在生产工艺方面,严格控制焊接质量,并对扇叶进行抗疲劳性能处理。所做分析及改进措施期望能为类似断裂故障的分析提供参考。The cooling fan blades play a crucial role in traction motors,and the complex working environment of traction motors leads to the fan blades fractured.In this paper,the failure mode and causes are analyzed by appearance observation,metallographic examination and hardness testing of the blades,as well as macro-and-micro observation of the fracture surface.The fracture properties and causes of the blades are comprehensively analyzed.The results show that there are welding defect at the end of the vertical plate weld forming the fan blade;At the same time,the blade fractures due to the combined effect of low-cycle centrifugal tensile stress and high-cycle vibratory stress,leading to a mixed low-high fatigue failure.At last,it is recommended to optimize the structural design of the blades in order to enhance the load-bearing capacity of the blades and reduce the vibration stress of the cooling fan;in terms of production process,strictly control the welding quality,and carry out anti-fatigue performance treatment on the blades in order to improve its fatigue resistance.

关 键 词：冷却风扇叶片 疲劳断裂 高低周复合疲劳 

分 类 号：V232.4[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]