乘用车座椅模态特性分析及改进方向概述  

Analysis of Modal Characteristics of Passenger Car Seats and an Overview of Improvement Directions

作　　者：李贻龙 吴凡 王敏 武拯宇 Li Yilong;Wu Fan;Wang Min;Wu Zhengyu

机构地区：[1]东风李尔汽车座椅有限公司技术中心,湖北武汉430056

出　　处：《时代汽车》2025年第3期159-162,共4页Auto Time

摘　　要：本文主要对乘用车座椅模态特征进行测量和分析,为优化座椅模态频率和进一步改进座椅舒适性提供一些方向。结合模态测试和座椅结构分析发现,座椅类似“L”型悬臂结构,其模态振型的前两阶基本是座椅靠背前后向和横向的摆动,且结构阻尼影响很小,其模态频率大小主要受到质量分布及结构刚度影响。依据座椅模态特性,通过锤击测试方法,得出座椅骨架与整椅、座椅质量分布、座椅位置、头枕重量、靠背刚度等设计变量对座椅固有频率的影响,可以为改善座椅模态频率以提高整车NVH性能和座椅舒适性给出设计建议。This paper mainly measures and analyzes the modal characteristics of passenger car seats,and provides some directions for optimizing the seat modal frequency and further improving the seat comfort.Combined with the modal test and seat structure analysis,it is found that the seat is similar to the"L"cantilever structure,and the fi rst two orders of the modal mode shape are basically the forward and backward and lateral swing of the seat backrest,and the infl uence of structural damping is very small,and the modal frequency is mainly aff ected by the mass distribution and structural stiff ness.According to the modal characteristics of the seat,the infl uence of design variables such as seat frame and whole chair,seat mass distribution,seat position,headrest weight,backrest stiff ness and other design variables on the natural frequency of the seat is obtained through the hammer test method,which can give design suggestions for improving the seat modal frequency to improve the NVH performance and seat comfort of the whole vehicle.

关 键 词：座椅结构 模态特性 锤击法 固有频率 

分 类 号：U46[机械工程—车辆工程]