责任竞合视域下人类冷冻胚胎精神损害的民法救济路径研究  

Research on Civil Law Relief Path of Mental Damage of Human Frozen Embryos from the Perspective of Liability Concurrence

作　　者：汪丽青 Wang Liqing(Law School,Shandong Technology and Business University,Shandong Yantai 264005,China)

机构地区：[1]山东工商学院法学院,山东烟台264005

出　　处：《科技与法律(中英文)》2025年第2期22-30,共9页Science Technology and Law(Chinese-English Version)

基　　金：2022年国家社会科学基金项目“人体胚胎医学运用的法律规制研究”(22BFX157)。

摘　　要：人类冷冻胚胎精神损害赔偿案件存在司法困境。人类冷冻胚胎的法律地位应界定为“类胎儿生命体”。作为人类生命的早期阶段,冷冻胚胎具有主体性权利,同时作为夫妻遗传物质的结晶,又体现了夫妻的人格权、身份权、物权等客体性权利。责任竞合视域下对人类冷冻胚胎精神损害进行救济的法理基础是《民法典》第九百九十六条的创造性规定,但需要确定该条的适用前提,明确精神损害赔偿的性质,厘清责任构成要件。适用该条分别指向违约救济路径和侵权救济路径,两种路径各有其独立的适用规则,但为实现对受害人权益的充分保护,两种路径需要在实体法和程序法上进行整合。There are judicial difficulties in the case of frozen embryo mental damage compensation.The legal status of frozen embryo should be defined as foetus-like living entity.As the beginning stage of human life,frozen embryo has the subjective rights and as the crystallization of husband and wife's genetic material,it also reflects the husband and wife's objective rights including personality right,identity right and real right.The legal basis for the relief of the men-tal damage of frozen embryos under the view of conjoint liability lies in the creative provisions of Article 996 of the Civil Code,but it is necessary to determine the applicable premise of the article,clarify the nature of the mental dam-age compensation and clarify the elements of liability.The application of this article will respectively point to the path of relief for breach of contract and the path of relief for infringement,which have a certain difference and each has its own independent applicable rules.However,in order to fully protect the rights and interests of victims,the two ap-proaches need to be integrated in substantive law and procedural law.

关 键 词：人类冷冻胚胎 精神损害 责任竞合 救济路径 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]