国际月球科研站合作的管辖权问题研究  

Jurisdiction Issues Related to the Cooperation on International Lunar Research Station

作　　者：王庆 Wang Qing(Wuhan University Institute of International Law,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学国际法研究所,武汉430072

出　　处：《科技与法律(中英文)》2025年第2期114-124,共11页Science Technology and Law(Chinese-English Version)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“‘五位一体’构建中非命运共同体的战略路径探索与实践创新研究”(21ZDA129);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地项目“‘国家管辖范围外区域’治理的国际法问题研究”(22JJD820008)。

摘　　要：国际月球科研站合作的顺利开展需以完善的法律制度为支撑。一般国际法可为科研站“地面段”“空间段”与部分“月面段”的管辖提供来源,但对特殊情况无法提供周全解决措施。公海、南极以及国际空间站的管辖权制度实践可为寻找管辖依据,并对实质调整既有管辖权的范围提供启发。国际月球科研站合作中,管辖权制度的构建既要确保我国正当外空权益不受损害,同时也应符合平等开放的合作宗旨。对此,应坚持“中俄主导”“平等共管”的管辖模式,通过严格遵循并妥善利用国际法来厘清管辖权的来源与范围,并通过缔结具有法律拘束力的双多边协定和设置平等独立的管辖权条款来确保管辖权的正当分配。Cooperation on the International Lunar Research Station must be supported by a sound legal system.Gen-eral International Law can be the basis of authority for jurisdiction over the"terrestrial part",the"space part"and some of the"lunar part"of the International Lunar Research Station,but it is not sufficient to deal with some special cases.The practice of jurisdictional regimes on the High Seas,in Antarctica and on the International Space Station may provide inspiration for the construction of a legal jurisdictional regime for the International Lunar Research Sta-tion.In the cooperation on the International Lunar Research Station,the legal jurisdiction system should not only en-sure that China's legitimate rights and interests in outer space are not jeopardised,but also conform to the principle of equal and open cooperation.In this regard,a jurisdictional model combining"China-Russia led"and"equal co-management"should be established.In addition,the basis and scope of jurisdiction should be determined through strict adherence to and proper application of international law,and the proper allocation of jurisdiction should also be ensured through concluding legally binding bilateral or multilateral agreements with jurisdictional clauses of equality and independence.

关 键 词：国际月球科研站 国际合作 管辖权 中俄合作 争端解决 

分 类 号：D999.1[政治法律—国际法学]