基于数值试验的河道汇流方法适用性分析  

Applicability Analysis of River Routing Methods Based on Numerical Experiments

作　　者：臧帅宏 吴修广 李致家[3] 刘昌军[2] 栾勇 ZANG Shuaihong;WU Xiuguang;LI Zhijia;LIU Changjun;LUAN Yong(Zhejiang Institute Hydraulics and Estuary,Zhejiang Institution Marine Planning and Design,Hangzhou 310020,China;China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100048,China;College of Hydrology and Water Recourses,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省水利河口研究院(浙江省海洋规划设计研究院),浙江杭州310020 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100048 [3]河海大学水文水资源学院,江苏南京210098

出　　处：《水文》2025年第1期9-15,共7页Journal of China Hydrology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52079035);浙江省省属科研院所扶持经费(ZIHEYS24002)。

摘　　要：目前用于洪水预报的河道汇流方法主要以水文学及简化的水力学方法为主,由于差分格式以及动力方程简化形式的不同,这些方法的适用范围存在一定的差异。通过设计理想河道数值试验,将Muskingum-Cunge-Todini(MCT)、非线性水库、一阶显式扩散波以及局地惯性波四种汇流方法与MIKE11动力波模拟结果进行对比,分析各种方法在不同河底比降和河宽条件下的模拟精度以及计算的稳定性。模拟结果表明:MCT、非线性水库和局地惯性波方法更适用于河底比降S_(0)>1×10^(-4)的河道,河宽对于以上三种方法影响不大;非线性水库不存在计算不稳定问题,其他三种方法稳定性从高到低依次为MCT、局地惯性波、扩散波;一阶显式扩散波方法模拟精度较低且极易不稳定,接下来的研究中可寻求更高阶且更稳定的扩散波格式来替代该方法。本研究确定了几种常见的河道汇流方法的适用范围、模拟精度及其稳定性,为实际应用提供参考。The river routing methods used for flood forecasting mainly rely on hydrological and simplified hydraulic methods.Due to differences in difference schemes and simplified forms of dynamic equations,there are certain differences in the scope among these routing methods.Further study are needed for river routing in practical applications.This study compared four simplified hy-draulic methods,Muskingum-Cunge-Todini(MCT),nonlinear reservoir,first-order explicit diffusion wave,and local inertial wave,with MIKE11 dynamic wave simulation results through a series of ideal river channel experiments,and the accuracy and the nu-merical stability of these four routing methods were analyzed under different riverbed slopes and river widths.The results indicate that nonlinear reservoir routing,MCT,diffusion wave,and local inertial wave methods are more suitable for rivers with the chan-nel bed slope S_(0) greater than 1×10^(-4),while the river width has little impact on the above three methods.Nonlinear reservoir method does not suffer from computational instability,and the stability of the other three methods decreases in the following order:MCT,local inertial wave,and diffusion wave.The first-order explicit diffusion wave method used in this study has low simu-lation accuracy and is highly unstable.In future research,higher order and more stable diffusion wave formats can be sought to replace this method.This study can determine the applicable condition,simulation accuracy,and stability of these river routing methods,providing reference for the practical application of the above routing methods for different rivers.

关 键 词：简化的水力学方法 MIKE11 河道演算稳定性 河道汇流 

分 类 号：P333.2[天文地球—水文科学] TV122[水利工程—水文学及水资源]