干燥对不同药用部位中草药化学成分影响的研究进展  

Research Progress on Effect of Drying on Chemical Components of Different Medicinal Parts of Chinese Herbal Medicine

作　　者：孙怀竹 梁金玲 许天阳[1] 于澎[1] SUN Huaizhu;LIANG Jinling;XU Tianyang;YU Peng(Changchun University of Chinese Medicine,Changchun 130117,Jilin,China)

机构地区：[1]长春中医药大学,吉林长春130117

出　　处：《中华中医药学刊》2025年第2期246-250,共5页Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine

基　　金：吉林省科技发展计划项目(20230204034YY,20210204035YY)。

摘　　要：中药材趁鲜加工较传统加工具有提高生产效率、降低生产成本、减少有效成分损失和便于仓储运输等优势。产地加工是中药材品质形成的关键技术环节,不同产地加工方法对中药材外观性状及内在质量等均有一定的影响。干燥是中药材和饮片加工过程中的关键环节之一,产地加工干燥方法及干燥工艺参数对中药饮片的质量有着极为重要的影响,不同药用部位之间有着干燥方式与干燥温度之间的差异。按照药用部位进行分类,根及根茎类中药材一般在60℃左右的低温下干燥,叶类和全草类及花类中药材不宜高温干燥,因会采用阴干传统加工方法或采用低温干燥,部分皮类中药材多富含挥发油主要干燥方法为低温干燥和冷冻干燥等,种子与果实类中药材一般为低温干燥。通过对中药材产地加工技术进行梳理和梳理,总结了干燥对中药“一体化”过程中化学成分的影响,亟须寻求科学合理的产地加工方法,为后续研究产地加工方向提供参考。Processing Chinese medicinal materials while they are fresh has advantages over traditional processing,such as improving production efficiency,reducing production costs,minimizing the loss of active ingredients and facilitating storage and transportation.Origin processing is a key technical link in the formation of the quality of Chinese medicinal materials,and different origin processing methods have a certain impact on the appearance and internal quality of Chinese medicinal materials.Drying is one of the key processes in the processing of traditional Chinese medicine and decoction pieces.The drying methods and process parameters in the production area have a significant impact on the quality of traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces,and there are differences in drying methods and temperatures among different medicinal parts.This article classified Chinese medicinal materials according to their medicinal parts.Roots and rhizomes are generally dried at a low temperature around 60℃,while leaves,whole grass and flowers are not suitable for high-temperature drying as traditional processing methods such as shade drying or low-temperature drying are used.Some skin type Chinese medicinal materials are rich in volatile oil,and the main drying methods are low-temperature drying and freeze-drying.Seed and fruit type Chinese medicinal materials are generally dried at low temperature.Through sorting out and summarized the processing technology of origin processing of traditional Chinese medicine,the influence of drying on the chemical components of traditional Chinese medicine in the“integration”process was analyzed.It is urgent to seek scientific and reasonable origin processing methods to provide reference for future research on origin processing processing directions.

关 键 词：干燥方法 不同药用部位 化学成分 

分 类 号：R284.1[医药卫生—中药学]