某三甲综合医院急诊科抢救室患者疾病谱特征及流行病学分析  

Disease spectrum characteristics and epidemiological analysis of patients in the emergency treatment room of the emergency department of a tertiary A general hospital

作　　者：凌云[1] 郑晓文[1] 周冬娜[1] 李意[1] 刘达[1] 邱丽丽 LING Yun;ZHENG Xiaowen;ZHOU Dongna;LI Yi;LIU Da;QIU Lili(Department of Emergency,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University,Nanning 530007,Guangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]广西医科大学第二附属医院急诊科,南宁市530007

出　　处：《内科》2024年第6期581-587,共7页Internal Medicine

基　　金：广西壮族自治区卫生健康委员会自筹经费科研课题(Z20201428)。

摘　　要：目的分析南宁市1家三甲综合医院2022年急诊科抢救室患者的疾病谱及流行病学特点。方法回顾性分析2022年1月1日至12月31日广西南宁市某三甲综合医院急诊科抢救室收治的3858例患者的病历资料,包括性别、年龄、就诊时间、主要诊断、抢救室滞留时间等。结果3858例急诊科抢救室患者中,男女比为1.73∶1,年龄15~98(58.16±19.00)岁;患者以年轻老年组(>60~75岁)占比最高,其次为青年组(≤44岁)和中年组(>44~60岁)。急危重症高发于春季,秋冬次之,夏季最少;每日以9:00~12:00、15:00~17:00、18:00~22:00就诊患者居多。急诊科抢救室患者疾病谱前5位分别是神经系统疾病[占26.0%,男性668例,女性334例,年龄(60.36±16.55)岁],循环系统疾病[占25.8%,男性616例,女性379例,年龄(61.90±16.96)岁],呼吸系统疾病[占14.8%,男性351例,女性221例,年龄(66.50±17.79)岁],消化系统疾病[占11.2%,男性327例,女性105例,年龄(56.92±17.50)岁],损伤、中毒或外因的某些其他后果[占7.7%,男性175例,女性122例,年龄(37.49±17.82)岁];这五大系统疾病急诊科抢救室患者,男性占比均高于女性,且年龄差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);其中,神经系统疾病以脑梗死(52.4%)最为多见,其次为脑出血(27.6%)和癫痫(5.0%);循环系统疾病以心力衰竭(27.4%)最多见,其次为急性冠脉综合征(21.0%)和高血压急症(19.2%);呼吸系统疾病以肺炎(51.6%)最多见,其次为慢性阻塞性肺疾病(19.8%)和呼吸衰竭(8.0%);消化系统疾病以消化道出血(44.2%)最多见,其次为急性胰腺炎(14.6%)和急性胆囊炎(4.4%);损伤、中毒或外因的某些其他后果以药物中毒(38.7%)最多见,其次为多发伤(38.0%)。急诊科抢救室患者的抢救室滞留时间中位数为6.80 h;88.3%的患者24 h内可分流离开抢救室,0.9%的患者抢救室滞留时间超过72 h;滞留时间>6 h的患者共2136例(55.4%),其中排名前5位的病种分别为:循环系统疾病,神经系统疾病,呼�Objective To analyze the 2022 disease spectrum and epidemiological characteristics of patients in the emergency treatment room(ER)of a emergency department of a tertiary general hospital in Nanning.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed using the medical records of 3,858 patients admitted to the ER of emergency department of a tertiary A general hospital in Nanning,Guangxi,from January 1 to December 31,2022,including gender,age,time of consultation,main diagnosis,and ER length of stay.Results Among the 3,858 patients in the ER of the Department of Emergency,the male-to-female ratio was 1.73:1,and the age was 15-98(58.16±19.00)years;the youngest-old group(>60-75 years old)accounted for the largest proportion of patients,followed by the young group(≤44 years old)and the middle-aged group(>44-60 years old).The incidence of acute and critical illness was the highest in spring,followed by those in autumn and winter,and that in summer was the lowest;most patients visited between 9:00 and 12:00,15:00 and 17:00,and 18:00 and 22:00.In patients of the ER of emergency department,the top 5 disease spectrums were diseases of the nervous system(accounted for 26.0%,with 668 males and 334 females aged[60.36±16.55]years),diseases of the circulatory system(accounted for 25.8%,with 616 males and 379 females aged[61.90±16.96]years),diseases of the respiratory system(accounted for 14.8%,with 351 males and 221 females aged[66.50±17.79]years),diseases of the digestive system(accounted for 11.2%,with 327 males and 105 females aged[56.92±17.50]years),injury,poisoning or certain other consequences of external causes(accounted for 7.7%,with 175 males and 122 females aged[37.49±17.82]years).Among the patients with the aforementioned 5 types of diseases,the proportions of males were higher than those of females,and the age differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).Among the 5 types of diseases,the proportion of cerebral infarction in diseases of the nervous system(52.4%)was the highest,followed by those of cerebr

关 键 词：急性病 危重病 疾病谱 流行病学 

分 类 号：R459.7[医药卫生—急诊医学]