动静载作用下锚杆托板选型及力学性能试验研究  

Study on the selection and mechanical properties of bearing plate of rock bolt under dynamic and static loading

作　　者：吴拥政 周鹏赫[1,2,3] 付玉凯 孙卓越 WU Yongzheng;ZHOU Penghe;FU Yukai;SUN Zhuoyue(CCTEG Coal Mining Research Institute,Beijing 100013,China;Coal Mining and Designing Branch,Chinese Institute of Coal Science,Beijing 100013,China;Tiandi Science and Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]中煤科工开采研究院有限公司,北京100013 [2]煤炭科学研究总院开采研究分院,北京100013 [3]天地科技股份有限公司,北京100013

出　　处：《中国矿业大学学报》2024年第6期1074-1084,1170,共12页Journal of China University of Mining & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52174080);天地科技股份有限公司科技创新创业基金重点项目(2022-2-TD-ZD016);中煤科工开采研究院有限公司青年基金项目(KCYJY-2024-QN-01)。

摘　　要：在深部冲击地压巷道中,锚杆托板受动静载叠加作用,易发生变形破坏,导致支护失效.针对此问题,对自主研发的落锤冲击试验机进行改进,增加动静载组合试验装置,选取煤矿常用的7种尺寸托板进行了力学性能测试,得到托板的变形规律及力学特性时程曲线,分析了冲击能量、静载、平面尺寸及厚度对托板的力学性能影响.研究结果表明:动、静载及组合作用下,托板变形均经历了拱高逐渐降低、四角翘起、拱底面积减小等过程.静载作用下,随着平面尺寸增加,托板的最大承载力位移逐渐增加;随着厚度增加,托板的最大承载力逐渐增加.动载作用下,托板冲击力峰值明显大于静载载荷;随着冲击能量增加,托板冲击力峰值和变形量逐渐增加;大平面尺寸托板整体受冲击作用时间较长,冲击力峰值位于500~600 kN之间,抗冲击能量由5.25 kJ降至3.50 kJ;厚度较大的托板受冲击作用时间较短,冲击力峰值由233.26 kN增至467.16 kN,抗冲击能量由1.75 kJ增至5.50 kJ.动静组合作用下,尺寸为150 mm×150 mm×10 mm的托板抗冲击能量提高20%以上,对托板施加的合理静载载荷为98.00~110.25 kN.研究成果可为冲击地压巷道锚杆托板的选取提供一定的借鉴.In deep coal mine roadways prone to rock bursts,the plates of rock bolt are susceptible to deformation and failure under combined dynamic and static loads,leading to support system failure.In view of the above problems,a self-developed drop hammer impact testing machine was modified by adding a dynamic-static load combination testing device.Mechanical performance tests were conducted on seven commonly used plate sizes in coal mines,resulting in deformation patterns and time-history curves of mechanical properties.The effects of impact energy,static load,planar dimensions,and thickness on the mechanical performance of plates were analyzed.The results show that under dynamic,static,and combined loading,the plates experienced processes of arch height reduction,corner lifting,and arch base area reduction.Under static loading,the maximum load displacement increased with planar dimension,and maximum load capacity increased with plate thickness.Under dynamic loading,peak impact force on the plate was significantly higher than under static load.As impact energy increased,both the peak impact force and deformation of the plate increased.Plates with larger planar dimensions experienced longer impact durations,with peak impact forces ranging from 500 to 600 kN,and impact energy absorption decreasing from 5.25 kJ to 3.50 kJ.Thicker plates showed shorter impact durations,with peak impact forces increasing from 233.26 kN to 467.16 kN,and impact energy absorption increasing from 1.75 kJ to 5.50 kJ.Under combined dynamic and static loads,the energy absorption capacity of a 150 mm×150 mm×10 mm plate increased by more than 20%,and the reasonable static load applied to the plate ranged from 98.00 to 110.25 kN.These findings provide a reference for the selection of bearing plates for rockburst roadways.

关 键 词：锚杆托板 托板选型 动静载组合 合理静载 

分 类 号：TD353[矿业工程—矿井建设]