电动汽车有序充电的温室气体排放及经济性研究——不同充电价格机制下的情景分析  

Research on Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Economic Feasibility of Ordered Charging for Electric Vehicles——Scenario Analysis Under Different Charging Pricing Mechanisms

作　　者：钟泽伟 赵晓丽 ZHONG Zewei;ZHAO Xiaoli

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(北京)经济管理学院

出　　处：《价格理论与实践》2024年第11期22-31,共10页Price:Theory & Practice

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“‘双碳’目标下能源结构转型路径与协同机制研究”(22&ZD103);国家社会科学基金重点项目“碳中和目标下可再生能源大规模发展的路径和协同机制研究”(21AZD111);国家自然科学基金重点项目“城市能源系统低碳转型的驱动机制及政策研究”(71934006)。

摘　　要：电动汽车常常被视为交通部门脱碳的一项重要途径。然而,电动汽车耗电所带来的温室气体排放及发电成本仍不可忽视。本文以北京市为例,构建了一个结合电动汽车充电及发电调度的综合仿真模型,分析电动汽车有序充电在不同的充电价格机制下对电力系统的影响。研究发现:与峰谷电价相比,动态分时电价可以更准确地引导电动汽车有序充电,从而更好地减少温室气体排放和降低发电成本。在当前的电动汽车保有量下,峰谷电价下的有序充电可使电动汽车充电所带来的温室气体排放减少6.0%,发电成本减少7.4%;而动态分时电价下的有序充电,可使电动汽车因充电带来的温室气体排放减少19.5%,发电成本减少23.8%。此外,当电动汽车保有量较高时,峰谷电价可能使有序充电过度集中在低电价时段的最初一两个小时中,形成新的负荷高峰,进而引起温室气体排放和发电成本增加;而动态分时电价则仍然可以有效减少排放和成本。研究结果对于加快构建新型电力系统、推进“双碳”目标实现进程具有重要意义。基于研究结论,应持续推进电动汽车有序充电模式普及;推进电动汽车充电价格机制由峰谷电价向动态分时电价转变;推进电动汽车有序充电与可再生能源发电协同发展。Electric vehicles(EVs)are often viewed as an important pathway for decarbonizing the transportation sector.However,the greenhouse gas emissions and power generation costs associated with EV electricity consumption cannot be ig-nored.Taking Bejing as a case study,this paper constructs a comprehensive simulation model that integrates EV charging and power generation scheduling to analyze the impact of ordered EV charging under different pricing mechanisms on the power system.The study finds that,compared to time-of-use pricing,dynamic time-of-use pricing can more accurately guide or-dered EV charging,thereby better reducing greenhouse gas emissions and lowering power generation costs.Under the current ownership level of electric vehicles,ordered charging with time-of-use pricing can reduce greenhouse gas emissions caused by EV charging by 6.0%and decrease power generation costs by 7.4%.In contrast,ordered charging with dynamic time-of-use pricing can lead to a 19.5%reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and a 23.8%decrease in power generation costs.Further-more,when the number of EVs is high,time-of-use pricing may lead to an excessive concentration of ordered charging during the initial hours of low-priced periods,resulting in a new peak load and an increase in greenhouse gas emissions and power generation costs;meanwhile,dynamic time-of-use pricing can stil effectively reduce emissions and costs.The findings have significant implications for accelerating the construction of a new power system and advancing the achievement of dual carbon goals.Based on the research conclusions,it is recommended to continue promoting the widespread implementation of ordered EV charging modes,transition the EV charging pricing mechanism from time-of-use pricing to dynamic time-of-use pricing,and facilitate the coordinated development of ordered EV charging and renewable energy generation.

关 键 词：电动汽车 有序充电 充电价格机制 温室气体排放 

分 类 号：F42[经济管理—产业经济]