乡村振兴背景下我国农村人居环境改善研究  

Research on the Improvement of Rural Living Environment in China under the Background of RuralRevitalization

作　　者：白描[1] BAI Miao

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院农村发展研究所

出　　处：《价格理论与实践》2024年第11期67-74,223,共9页Price:Theory & Practice

基　　金：中国社会科学院重大经济社会调查项目“乡村振兴综合调查及中国农村调查数据库项目(项目编号:GQDC2022020)”阶段性成果。

摘　　要：为在乡村振兴背景下全面推进人与自然和谐共生,尽快补齐农村人居环境建设短板,从而有效提升农民主观福祉水平,本文利用乡村振兴综合调查数据,探讨我国村庄和农户层面的人居环境改善现状及不同收入水平和满意度群体对人居环境改善的异质性。结果表明:当前农村生活垃圾处理软硬件条件提升及改厕成效明显,农民对人居环境的满意度普遍较高。我国农村人居环境改善面临的主要问题是:生活垃圾分类处理比率偏低、生产垃圾和生活污水随意处理情况时有发生、农民环保意识不强以及对相关政策欠缺了解等。不同收入水平及满意度的农民在改厕、生活污水和生活垃圾处理方面存在明显的异质性,表现为收入越高,改厕率和使用率、生活垃圾分类处理比率以及通过有利环境的方式排放生活污水的比率就越高。为进一步改善我国农村人居环境,建议千方百计促进农民增收和福祉提升,构建责任明晰的管理机制和标准明确的考核体系,科学确定考核频次,加强一线队伍建设;同时,引导农民树立环境大局观和环保意识,充分发挥其在人居环境整治提升行动中的主观能动性。In the context of rural revitalization,this article aims to comprehensively promote the harmonious coexistence of humans and nature,address the shortcomings in rural living environment construction,and effectively enhance the subjective wellbeing of farmers.Using comprehensive survey data on rural revitalization,the paper investigates the current status of improvements in living environments at the village and household levels in China,as well as the heterogeneity of different income levels and satisfaction groups regarding these improvements.The results show that there have been significant improvements in the hardware and software conditions for rural waste management and toilet renovations,with farmers generally expressing high satisfaction with their living environments.However,the main issues facing the improvement of rural living environments in China include:a low rate of household waste classification,the occasional random disposal of production waste and sewage,a weak environmental awareness among farmers,and a lack of understanding of related policies.There are notable differences among farmers of varying income levels and satisfaction regarding toilet renovations,sewage treatment,and waste disposal.Specifically,as income increases,so does the rate of toilet renovations and usage,the rate of classified waste disposal,and the percentage of sewage discharged through environmentally friendly methods.To further improve the living environment in rural areas,the article suggests striving to increase farmers'income and wellbeing,establishing a clear management mechanism and a well-defined assessment system,determining assessment frequency scientifically,and strengthening the construction of frontline teams.Additionally,it emphasizes the need to guide farmers to develop a holistic view of environmental protection and awareness,thereby enhancing their initiative in actions to improve living environments.

关 键 词：农村人居环境 垃圾处理 改厕 生活污水 收入 满意度 

分 类 号：F32[经济管理—产业经济]