基于三点法的垂直轴风力机动态失速特性研究  

Study on Dynamic Stall Characteristics of Vertical Axis Wind Turbines based on 3-Points Method

作　　者：武婧艺 石磊[1] 竺晓程[1] WU Jingyi;SHI Lei;ZHU Xiaocheng(School of Mechanical Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai,China,200240)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院,上海200240

出　　处：《热能动力工程》2025年第1期121-131,共11页Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power

摘　　要：针对垂直轴风力机固有的非定常流动特性,以及在小尖速比下的动态失速问题,基于三点法对垂直轴风力机流场进行数值模拟,分析在尖速比为3.35,2.65,2.25和1.85时,垂直轴风力机不同周向位置处的有效攻角以及升、阻力系数等气动参数,并与名义攻角、多流管法获得的有效攻角进行对比。结果表明:垂直轴风力机在旋转过程中,叶片载荷呈周期性变化;三点法能够成功提取叶片在不同周向方位下计及诱导速度的有效攻角;动态失速开始的相位角在80°~105°之间,尖速比减小会导致失速提前、有效攻角和升力系数增大、阻力系数增加且升阻比减小;在小尖速比λ=1.85时,叶片表面在较近周向方位处发生流动分离,形成大尺度的旋涡结构,有效攻角曲线在120°附近有凸起;在下游时叶片受到上游尾流脱落涡的影响,叶片升、阻力系数表现出更复杂的迟滞效应,气动力系数迟滞环所包含的范围更大。Aiming at the inherent unsteady flow characteristics of vertical axis wind turbine(VAWT)and the problem of dynamic stall at small tip speed ratio,the flow field of VAWT was numerically simula-ted based on 3-points method,and the aerodynamic parameters such as effective angle of attack,lift and drag coefficients at different circumferential positions of VAWT at tip speed ratios of 3.35,2.65,2.25 and 1.85 were analyzed,and compared with the effective angles of attack obtained by nominal angle of attack and by multiple streamtube theory.The results show that the blade load changes periodically dur-ing the rotation of VAWT.The 3-points method can successfully extract the effective angle of attack of blades in different circumferential directions.The phase angle of dynamic stall onset is between 80°and 105°.With the decrease of tip speed ratio,the stall is advanced,the effective angle of attack and lift co-efficient increase,the drag coefficient increases and the lift-drag ratio decreases.When the small tip speed ratioλis 1.85,the flow separation will occur on the blade surface in the nearest circumferential direction,forming a large-scale vortex structure,and the effective angle of attack curve will be convex a-round 120°;the blade will be affected by the shedding vortex of the upstream wake at the downstream,the lift and drag coefficients of the blade show more complex hysteresis effects,and the range of the aero-dynamic coefficient hysteresis loop is larger.

关 键 词：垂直轴风力机 动态失速 有效攻角 三点法 

分 类 号：TK83[动力工程及工程热物理—流体机械及工程]