透过“沸腾”的COP28看中美参与全球气候治理  

An analysis of China and the United States’s global climate governance at the“boiling”COP28

作　　者：徐源 张永香[1] XU Yuan;ZHANG Yong-Xiang(National Climate Centre,China Meteorological Administration,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局国家气候中心,北京100081

出　　处：《气候变化研究进展》2025年第1期135-143,共9页Climate Change Research

基　　金：中国气象局气候变化专项(QBZ202311)。

摘　　要：《联合国气候变化框架公约》缔约方大会(COP)是全球气候治理的焦点和风向标。2023年全球气温刷新器测纪录,年底的COP28更是打破历次COP参会人数纪录,正式注册参会代表超过8万人。作为全球气候治理的重要平台,无论是大会成果还是参会人员都直接反映了气候治理背后的推动力和各国参与全球气候治理的动向。通过分析历届COP参会人员及构成、中美两国COP28的参会代表组成,结合中美两国气候政策以及公众的气候变化认知现状,探讨COP28大会上中美两国参与全球气候治理的关注焦点。结果表明:中美两国的气候政策和行动与COP大会参与代表之间具有一定关联。受政策连续性的影响,美国政府一改特朗普时期的消极态度,积极参与大会。COP28大会期间,美国侧重于政治层面发力,以联邦政府官员作为主要参会群体。中国在积极开展政治磋商的同时,参会代表中更多出现的是新能源等行业和技术领域的专业人员。对中美气候政策和公众认知的梳理表明,中美两国国内气候政策和公众气候变化认知增强对全球气候治理具有积极的推动作用。The Conference of the Parties(COP)to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC)serves as the focal point and benchmark for global climate governance.In 2023,global temperature broke instrumental records.The year-end COP28 broke all previous records of the conference,with over 80000 officially registered participants.As an essential platform for global climate governance,both the outcomes of the conference and the participants directly reflected the driving force behind climate governance and the trends of countries’participation in global climate governance.The focus of China and the USA on global climate governance at the COP28 was explored through the analysis of previous COP participants and their compositions,as well as the delegation makeup of China and the USA at COP28,coupled with the climate policies and the current public perceptions of climate change in both countries.The results indicated that the climate policies and actions of both countries were relevant to the participation of their representatives at this COP.Due to the continuity of policies,the USA government reversed its passive stance during the Trump era and is now actively engaging in the conference.At this COP meeting,the USA focused on political efforts,with federal government officials as the primary participant group.China was actively engaged in political negotiation,and its conference delegated predominantly consist of experts from renewable energy and related technological fields.A review of China and the USA’climate policies and public perception indicated that strengthened domestic climate policies and heightened public perception of climate change in both nations contributed positively to global climate governance.

关 键 词：COP28 气候治理 公众认知 中美比较 

分 类 号：D822[政治法律—政治学] D871.2[政治法律—外交学] P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] D815