宝鸡出土户八戈与石鼓山M3户器的来源  

Provenance of Hu Bronzes from Shigushan Tomb no.M3 and the Huba Ge Halberd from Baoji

作　　者：周颖昳 Zhou Yingyi

机构地区：[1]南开大学历史学院

出　　处：《考古与文物》2025年第2期112-119,共8页Archaeology and Cultural Relics

基　　金：国家社科基金冷门绝学研究专项之学术团队项目“卜辞地理研究与商史重建”(编号:23VJXT001);国家社科基金冷门绝学研究专项之个人项目“政治地理视野下的西周王畿研究”(编号:24VJXG006)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：宝鸡石鼓山M3出土的“户氏三器”,一般认为是墓主的自作用器,然而有关铜器的铸铭习俗与造型、纹饰风格,却体现出鲜明的商文化特征和东方来源背景,有违墓葬本身主流的西土文化属性。结合宝鸡出土户八戈的铭文内涵与金文地理的考察,可知金文族徽“户”所标识的对象,实即晚商时期分布于汶、泗流域的户氏。因此,石鼓山M3的“户氏三器”并不足以代表墓主族属,而很可能是墓主参与周初东征获得的“分器”。仔细甄别西周早期墓葬中出现的商系铜器,可为判别墓葬族属提供必要的线索,对于深入认识商周之际的历史变迁亦具有重要意义。The three bronzes attributed to the Hu lineage,unearthed from Tomb no.M3 at Shigushan,Baoji,are generally considered to be ritual objects commissioned by the tomb owner.However,the unique inscriptional practices,as well as the stylistic features of shape and decoration,reflect distinct characteristics of Shang culture with an eastern origin,markedly different from the dominant Western Zhou cultural traditions.Through an analysis of the inscriptions on the Huba ge halberd discovered in Baoji and the geography of the Shang Dynasty,this study proposes that the Hu clan emblem is associated with the Hu tribe,which settled in the Wen and Si River Basin during the late Shang period.Consequently,the three Hu bronzes may not have been commissioned by the tomb owner but were likely acquired during eastern military campaigns in the early Zhou period.Identifying Shang bronzes within early Western Zhou tombs offers valuable insights into the lineage affiliations of tomb owners and sheds light on the broader historical transitions between the Shang and Zhou dynasties.

关 键 词：石鼓山墓地 户氏三器 户八戈 族属 铜器流动 

分 类 号：K87[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]