新质生产力驱动低空空域安全管理发展——城市低空安全管理系统LASMS框架  

The Development of Low Altitude Airspace Safety Management Driven by New Quality Productivity: A Low Altitude Airspace Safety Management System (LASMS)Conceptual Framework of Urban Air Mobility

作　　者：余莎莎[1] 陈艺君 张学军[2] 陈星雨 YU Shasha;CHEN Yijun;ZHANG Xuejun;CHEN Xingyu(School Of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Xihua University,Sichuan Chengdu 610039,China;School of Electronic Information Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing 10000,China)

机构地区：[1]西华大学航空航天学院,成都610039 [2]北京航空航天大学电子信息工程学院,北京100000

出　　处：《交通信息与安全》2024年第6期42-54,共13页Journal of Transport Information and Safety

基　　金：国家自然科学基金民航联合基金项目(U2333214)资助。

摘　　要：安全是低空经济发展的前提和底线,未来低空空域运行的安全监管难题备受重视。针对城市低空空域安全管理面临空域复杂性高、飞行器种类繁多、空域使用密度高、网络安全和数据隐私隐患多、系统集成和互操作复杂、法规标准差异大等难题,考虑航空安全管理(safety management systems,SMS)安全监管对象从单一到多元化,从事后管理向及时管理发展趋势,提出城市低空安全管理系统(low-altitude safety management system,LASMS)的概念构想,包括低空运行角色与框架、城市空中交通(urban air mobility,UAM)安全水平指标、低空风险识别、风险监测、风险评估与风险缓解,核心是安全风险管理。在管理方式和运行模式上,通过多域融合、分布式架构、数字化监控、缓控机制等手段,满足未来低空运行快速响应需求,提高自主性和自动化,增强飞行前、飞行中和飞行后主动管控和飞行中近实时安全管控。最后,讨论了新质生产力以技术创新驱动LASMS发展及航空安全管理与运行模式创新的重点方向。LASMS的引入将为低空安全监管提供新思路和新方法,以助力未来低空空域安全、高效、持续的发展。Safety is the prerequisite and baseline for the development of the low-altitude economy,and the challeng-es of safety supervision in future low-altitude airspace operations are receiving increasing attention.Addressing the difficulties faced in urban low-altitude airspace safety management,such as high airspace complexity,a wide vari-ety of aircraft types,high airspace usage density,numerous cybersecurity and data privacy risks,complex system in-tegration and interoperability,and substantial differences in laws,regulations,and standards.This paper considers the evolving trend in aviation safety management systems(SMS),which is shifting from single to diversified super-visory targets and from post-event management to real-time management.It proposes a conceptual framework for an urban low-altitude safety management system(LASMS),encompassing operational roles and structures for low-altitude airspace,safety performance indicators for urban air mobility(UAM),identification of low-altitude risk sources,risk monitoring,risk assessment,and risk mitigation.The core of LASMS is safety risk manage-ment,which emphasizes the identification,monitoring,assessment,and mitigation of risks to achieve near-real-time safety supervision of low-altitude aircraft throughout pre-flight,in-flight,and post-flight phases.In terms of manage-ment approaches and operational models,LASMS integrates multi-domain collaboration,distributed architec-tures,digital monitoring,and mitigation mechanisms to meet the rapid response requirements of future low-altitude operations.It enhances autonomy and automation,strengthens proactive safety control before and after flights,and ensures near-real-time safety management during flights.The discussion highlights key directions for the develop-ment of LASMS,driven by New Quality Productivity through technological innovation,alongside advancements in aviation safety management and operational models.The introduction of LASMS offers new perspectives and meth-odologies for low-altitude safety regulation,suppo

关 键 词：低空空域安全管理 航空安全管理体系(SMS) 城市空中交通(UAM) 城市低空安全管理系统(LASMS) 新质生产力 

分 类 号：F014.1[经济管理—政治经济学] F562.1